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BMS3031 Molecular Mechanisms of Disease > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genetic makeup of a retrovirus?

A

+ssRNA

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2
Q

What is the genetic makeup corana and flavi viruses?

A

+ssRNA

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3
Q

What is the genetic makeup of orthomixo and paramyxo viruses?

A

-ssRNA

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4
Q

What is the genetic makeup of herpres, adeno, pox and hepanda viruses?

A

+DNA

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5
Q

What host molecule does a herpes virus use for attachment?

A

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan

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6
Q

What host molecule does an influenza virus use for attachment?

A

Sialic acid

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7
Q

Why can HIV only infect activated T cells?

A

CCR5 is present only on activated T cells

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8
Q

What receptor for Hepatitis B used to enter liver cells?

A

NTCP (bile receptor)

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9
Q

How does polio enter cells?

A

Endocytosis (stuck in vesicle and leaves via pH changes)

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10
Q

Where in the cell does polio replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

How does polio leave cells?

A

Lysis

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12
Q

How does Measles (paramyxoviridae) enter cells?

A

Membrane fusion

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13
Q

How does measles leave cells?

A

Budding

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14
Q

Where in the cell does measles replicate?

A

ER and Golgi

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15
Q

Is polio capsulated or enveloped?

A

Capsulated

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16
Q

How does herpes enter and leave cells?

A

Uncoating at membrane

Exocytosis

17
Q

Where in the cell does the first wave of herpes replication occur?

A

Nucleus

18
Q

Is polio RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

19
Q

Is herpes RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

20
Q

Is measles RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

21
Q

Is HIV RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

22
Q

Is smallpox RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

23
Q

What are the four types of outcomes of viral infections?

A

Transformation (tumour formation)
Lytic (lysis)
Persistant (exocytosis)
Latent (integration)

24
Q

Where are Toll-like receptors located?

A

Throughout and on the cell

25
Q

What signalling pathway do Toll-like receptors activate?

A

Nf-kb

26
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of type I INF function?

A

Activate protein kinase R (PKR)
Upregulate 2’,5’-oligo A synthetase
Upregulate MxGTPase

27
Q

What is the effect of protein kinase R (PKR)?

A

Phosphorylates elongation factor, which needs to be dephosphorylated for viral replication to occur

28
Q

What is the effect of activating oligo A synthetase?

A

Stitches together oligo A, which activates RNAase

29
Q

What is the effect of activating Mx GTPase?

A

Multimerisation and apoptosis

30
Q

How does the influenza virus evade host defences?

A

Inactivates PKR via NS1

31
Q

How do pox and herpes viruses evade host defences?

A

Target INF signalling, PKR and oligo-A synthetase

BMS3031 Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (21 decks)

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