Virology Flashcards
name four ways to classify viruses
- nucleic acid type
- capsid type
- syndrome
- envelope
what are the 5 phases of viral growth
- attachment
- penetration
- uncoating
- synthetic period
- maturation and release
describe the distinguishing features of DNA viruses
use cellular enzymes for replication
describe the distinguishing features of ssRNA
if it is negative sense: first needs to be made as a template for positive sense, to do this it uses RNA dependent RNA polymerase which is from the virus itself
if it is positive sense: it can be translated directly into DNA
describe the distinguishing features of dsRNA
replicates in both directions at once, these virus contribute RNA dependent RNA polymerase for the - sense strand to be transcribed into + sense.
describe the dis
genome is a ssRNA, uses cells own reverse transcriptase in order to make DNA, this actually incorporate into the hosts genome
hepadnaviruses
DNA viruses that cause hepatitis
latent viral pathogenesis
acute primary infection, then remains dormant, followed by periods of viral replication during immune compromise. (e.g. HSV)
acute viral infection
acute infection (e.g. influenza)
slow/persistant viral infection
acute primary infection then period of viral replication at low levels, may be subclinical
carrier state
viral rep. present, but not showing symptoms, able to transmit virus to others
chronic viral infection
e.g. HIV
describe cell death from viral infection
primarily apoptosis, which releases viral products into environment, secondary cell has been hijacked from virus and is only producing viral genome
transformation of viral infection
virus takes over host genome to turn on an oncogene and turn off a tumor supressor gene and causes uncontrolled cell growth and division
cell fusion of viral infection
causes large multinucleated cells (e.g herpes)
