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Pathophys Block I > Parasiteology > Flashcards

Parasiteology Flashcards

1
Q

discuss the key characteristics to identify protozoa

A

unicellular, eukaryotic, mostly asexual, can be classified as either intestinal/urogenital or blood cell/tissue parasites. difficult to treat (eukaryotic organisms)

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2
Q

discuss the three groups of helminthes

A
  1. cestodes (tapeworms)
  2. trematodes (flukes)
  3. neatodes (roundworms)
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3
Q

cestodes (tapeworms)

A

invade GI, absorb nutrients form host, can be VERY long

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4
Q

trematodes (flukes):

A

small, flat, can invade lots of organs, use freshwater snails as intermediate host

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5
Q

neatodes (roundworms)

A

elongated, varied modes of transmission, can invade lots of organs

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6
Q

Giardia lamblia S/S

A

bloating, diarrhea, non-fatal

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7
Q

name the 4 types of flagellates on our objectives

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis
  3. Leishmania species
  4. Trypanosoma brucii species
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8
Q

Giardia lamblia pathogenesis

A

sewage contaminants drinking water, rodents and beavers
ingested cysts convert to trophozoites which adhere to small intestine wall, interferes with intestinal fat absorption, bad odor to stools, NO blood in stools

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9
Q

Giardia lamblia diagnostic work up

A

examine stool for cysts or trophozoites, immunoassay kit to detect Giardia

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10
Q

Giardia lamblia Tx

A

metronidazole

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis S/S

A

females: itching, burning during urination, copious vaginal secretions, water frothy malodorous discharge
males: asymptomatic

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12
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis pathogenesis

A

highly motile, trophozoite

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13
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic work up

A

examination of vaginal secretions for trophozoites

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14
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Tx

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

Leishmania species S/S

A

cutaneous: ulcerative skin sores
mucucutaneous: lesions on the nose and mouth, mucous membranes
visceral: enlarged spleen, liver, jaundice

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16
Q

Leishmania species pathogenesis

A

transmission by sand fly

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17
Q

Leishmania species diagnostic work up

A

examine stained tissue, serologic tests for antibodies

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18
Q

Leishmania species Tx

A

pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B (BAD side effects)

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19
Q

Trypanosoma brucii S/S

A

extreme exhaustion, fatal if not treated. East worse than West, S American (Tsetse bug vector) causes cardiomegaly due to Chaga’s disease (kissing bug)

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20
Q

Chagas diease

A

Trypanosoma brucii causes this disease, South American sleeping sickness, kissing bug as vector

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21
Q

Trypanosoma brucii Tx

A

Melarsoprol (arsenic)

Nifurtimox and Benznidazole only treat parasite in acute stage which is asymptomatic

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22
Q

Trypanosoma brucii pathogenesis

A

insect borne (kissing bug in South America), starts in the lymph, then goes to CNS

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23
Q

what are the two amoeba listed in our objectives?

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica

2. Acanthamoeba castellani

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24
Q

Entamoeba histolytica S/S

A

diarrhea, blood and mucous in stool, abdominal cramps and distension, up to 80% are asymptomatic

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25
Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis
cysts ingested from contaminated food/water, fecal-oral transmission, turn into trophozoites in small intestine, may travel to colon or liver
26
Entamoeba histolytica diagnostic work up
stool sample, blood test, liver Bx, colonoscopy
27
Entamoeba histolytica Tx
metronidazole, lodoquinol
28
Acanthamoeba castellani S/S
2 main infections: 1. granulomatous amoebic encepalitis: HA, N/V, AMS 2. keratitis: eye pain, sensitivity to light, blurry vision
29
Acanthamoeba castellani pathogenesis
contaminated soil, broken skin, inhalation, mucous membranes of the eyes
30
Acanthamoeba castellani diagnostic work up
encephalitis: Bx of skin or brain, lumbar puncture, CT/MRI keratitis: culture of corneal scrapings, micron technology
31
Acanthamoeba castellani Tx
amphotericin B (BAD side effects)
32
name the three sporazoans listed in our objectives
1. Plasmodium species 2. Toxoplasma gondii 3. Cryptosoridium species
33
Plasmodium species S/S
periodic fever, chills, sweating, HA, pain, N/V
34
Plasmodium species pathogenicity
invades RBCs, RBCs lyse
35
Plasmodium species diagnostic work up
blood smear
36
Plasmodium species Tx
prophylactic Tx Tx depends on plasmodium species
37
Toxoplasma gondii S/S
hydrocephaly (in immunocompromised or children), asymptomatic in healthy individuals
38
Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity
initial exposure asymptomatic, invasion of tachyzoite. in immunocompromised individuals, blocking of blood vessels, necrosis
39
Toxoplasma gondii diagnostic workup
serology
40
Cryptosporidium species S/S
watery diarrhea
41
Cryptosporidium species pathogenicity
affects small intestine
42
Cryptosporidium species diagnostic work up
stool sample
43
name the 5 helminths in our objectives
1. Ascaria lumbricoides 2. Taenia solium 3. Enterobus cermicularis 4. Schistosoma speciers 5. Trichinella spiralis
44
Ascaria lumbricoides S/S
coughing, wheezing, hemoptysis, fever
45
Ascaria lumbricoides pathogenicity
round worms, very common disease in third world, ingested, migrates thru lungs in larval stage
46
Ascaria lumbricoides diagnostic work up
fecal smear
47
Ascaria lumbricoides Tx
ascaricides
48
Enterobus vermicularis S/S
itching in anal area
49
Enterobus vermicularis pathogenicity
whole life cycle in GI tract, eggs eaten
50
Enterobus vermicularis diagnostic work-up
sticky tape used to harvest potential eggs
51
Enterobus vermicularis Tx
albendazole or mebendazole
52
Trichinella spiralis S/S
n/v/d sweating, facial edema, fever, myalgia, dyspnea, heart and resp complications, kidney malfunction, muscle aches
53
Trichinella spiralis pathogenicity
eating undercooked pork, life cycle in intestines, cysts in skeletal muscle
54
Trichinella spiralis diagnostic work-up
muscle biopsy, serology
55
Trichinella spiralis Tx
albendazole, mebendazole, analgesics, and corticosteroids for Sx, no good durgs
56
Taenia solium S/S
brain, seizures, blindness
57
Taenia solium pathogenicity
fecal/oral, eggs found in undercooked pork
58
Taenia soilum diagnostic work-up
eggs found in feces
59
Taenia solium Tx
anthelmintics
60
Schistosoma species S/S
dysuria, frequency, hematuria
61
Schistosoma species pathogenicity
eggs from freshwater snails
62
Schistosoma species Tx
antihelminthic
63
Schistosoma species diagnostic work up
ID of ova or parasite

Pathophys Block I (8 decks)

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