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Pathophys Block I > Parasiteology > Flashcards

Parasiteology Flashcards

1
Q

discuss the key characteristics to identify protozoa

A

unicellular, eukaryotic, mostly asexual, can be classified as either intestinal/urogenital or blood cell/tissue parasites. difficult to treat (eukaryotic organisms)

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2
Q

discuss the three groups of helminthes

A
  1. cestodes (tapeworms)
  2. trematodes (flukes)
  3. neatodes (roundworms)
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3
Q

cestodes (tapeworms)

A

invade GI, absorb nutrients form host, can be VERY long

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4
Q

trematodes (flukes):

A

small, flat, can invade lots of organs, use freshwater snails as intermediate host

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5
Q

neatodes (roundworms)

A

elongated, varied modes of transmission, can invade lots of organs

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6
Q

Giardia lamblia S/S

A

bloating, diarrhea, non-fatal

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7
Q

name the 4 types of flagellates on our objectives

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis
  3. Leishmania species
  4. Trypanosoma brucii species
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8
Q

Giardia lamblia pathogenesis

A

sewage contaminants drinking water, rodents and beavers
ingested cysts convert to trophozoites which adhere to small intestine wall, interferes with intestinal fat absorption, bad odor to stools, NO blood in stools

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9
Q

Giardia lamblia diagnostic work up

A

examine stool for cysts or trophozoites, immunoassay kit to detect Giardia

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10
Q

Giardia lamblia Tx

A

metronidazole

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis S/S

A

females: itching, burning during urination, copious vaginal secretions, water frothy malodorous discharge
males: asymptomatic

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12
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis pathogenesis

A

highly motile, trophozoite

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13
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic work up

A

examination of vaginal secretions for trophozoites

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14
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis Tx

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

Leishmania species S/S

A

cutaneous: ulcerative skin sores
mucucutaneous: lesions on the nose and mouth, mucous membranes
visceral: enlarged spleen, liver, jaundice

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16
Q

Leishmania species pathogenesis

A

transmission by sand fly

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17
Q

Leishmania species diagnostic work up

A

examine stained tissue, serologic tests for antibodies

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18
Q

Leishmania species Tx

A

pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B (BAD side effects)

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19
Q

Trypanosoma brucii S/S

A

extreme exhaustion, fatal if not treated. East worse than West, S American (Tsetse bug vector) causes cardiomegaly due to Chaga’s disease (kissing bug)

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20
Q

Chagas diease

A

Trypanosoma brucii causes this disease, South American sleeping sickness, kissing bug as vector

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21
Q

Trypanosoma brucii Tx

A

Melarsoprol (arsenic)

Nifurtimox and Benznidazole only treat parasite in acute stage which is asymptomatic

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22
Q

Trypanosoma brucii pathogenesis

A

insect borne (kissing bug in South America), starts in the lymph, then goes to CNS

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23
Q

what are the two amoeba listed in our objectives?

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica

2. Acanthamoeba castellani

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24
Q

Entamoeba histolytica S/S

A

diarrhea, blood and mucous in stool, abdominal cramps and distension, up to 80% are asymptomatic

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25
Q

Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis

A

cysts ingested from contaminated food/water, fecal-oral transmission, turn into trophozoites in small intestine, may travel to colon or liver

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26
Q

Entamoeba histolytica diagnostic work up

A

stool sample, blood test, liver Bx, colonoscopy

27
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Tx

A

metronidazole, lodoquinol

28
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani S/S

A

2 main infections:

  1. granulomatous amoebic encepalitis: HA, N/V, AMS
  2. keratitis: eye pain, sensitivity to light, blurry vision
29
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani pathogenesis

A

contaminated soil, broken skin, inhalation, mucous membranes of the eyes

30
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani diagnostic work up

A

encephalitis: Bx of skin or brain, lumbar puncture, CT/MRI
keratitis: culture of corneal scrapings, micron technology

31
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani Tx

A

amphotericin B (BAD side effects)

32
Q

name the three sporazoans listed in our objectives

A
  1. Plasmodium species
  2. Toxoplasma gondii
  3. Cryptosoridium species
33
Q

Plasmodium species S/S

A

periodic fever, chills, sweating, HA, pain, N/V

34
Q

Plasmodium species pathogenicity

A

invades RBCs, RBCs lyse

35
Q

Plasmodium species diagnostic work up

A

blood smear

36
Q

Plasmodium species Tx

A

prophylactic Tx

Tx depends on plasmodium species

37
Q

Toxoplasma gondii S/S

A

hydrocephaly (in immunocompromised or children), asymptomatic in healthy individuals

38
Q

Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity

A

initial exposure asymptomatic, invasion of tachyzoite. in immunocompromised individuals, blocking of blood vessels, necrosis

39
Q

Toxoplasma gondii diagnostic workup

A

serology

40
Q

Cryptosporidium species S/S

A

watery diarrhea

41
Q

Cryptosporidium species pathogenicity

A

affects small intestine

42
Q

Cryptosporidium species diagnostic work up

A

stool sample

43
Q

name the 5 helminths in our objectives

A
  1. Ascaria lumbricoides
  2. Taenia solium
  3. Enterobus cermicularis
  4. Schistosoma speciers
  5. Trichinella spiralis
44
Q

Ascaria lumbricoides S/S

A

coughing, wheezing, hemoptysis, fever

45
Q

Ascaria lumbricoides pathogenicity

A

round worms, very common disease in third world, ingested, migrates thru lungs in larval stage

46
Q

Ascaria lumbricoides diagnostic work up

A

fecal smear

47
Q

Ascaria lumbricoides Tx

A

ascaricides

48
Q

Enterobus vermicularis S/S

A

itching in anal area

49
Q

Enterobus vermicularis pathogenicity

A

whole life cycle in GI tract, eggs eaten

50
Q

Enterobus vermicularis diagnostic work-up

A

sticky tape used to harvest potential eggs

51
Q

Enterobus vermicularis Tx

A

albendazole or mebendazole

52
Q

Trichinella spiralis S/S

A

n/v/d sweating, facial edema, fever, myalgia, dyspnea, heart and resp complications, kidney malfunction, muscle aches

53
Q

Trichinella spiralis pathogenicity

A

eating undercooked pork, life cycle in intestines, cysts in skeletal muscle

54
Q

Trichinella spiralis diagnostic work-up

A

muscle biopsy, serology

55
Q

Trichinella spiralis Tx

A

albendazole, mebendazole, analgesics, and corticosteroids for Sx, no good durgs

56
Q

Taenia solium S/S

A

brain, seizures, blindness

57
Q

Taenia solium pathogenicity

A

fecal/oral, eggs found in undercooked pork

58
Q

Taenia soilum diagnostic work-up

A

eggs found in feces

59
Q

Taenia solium Tx

A

anthelmintics

60
Q

Schistosoma species S/S

A

dysuria, frequency, hematuria

61
Q

Schistosoma species pathogenicity

A

eggs from freshwater snails

62
Q

Schistosoma species Tx

A

antihelminthic

63
Q

Schistosoma species diagnostic work up

A

ID of ova or parasite

Pathophys Block I (8 decks)

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