virology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment

A

virus recognition of the target cell
binding virus attachment proteins (VAPs) on the surface of virion on the receptors on the target cell

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2
Q

Non-enveloped VAPs

A

part of the capsid or a protein extending from the capsid

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3
Q

Enveloped VAPs

A

spike/peplomer glycoprotein on the envelope

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4
Q

Receptor

A

protein, carbohydrates on glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface
receptors on the host cell determine host range, tissue tropism

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5
Q

Penetration

A

3 types
entry into the cell
energy dependent, rapid

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6
Q

fusion

A

envelope
fuse with cell membrane

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7
Q

endocytosis

A

enveloped

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8
Q

translocation

A

non-enveloped virions
bind attach and simple pass through

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9
Q

uncoating

A

protective protein shell
nucleocapsid is disintegrated
genome freed in cytoplasm
protein disintegrate in cytoplasm
following uncoating synthesis of viral proteins by cellular metabolism

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10
Q

translation

A

viral RNA/protein utilize cellular machinery
viral mRNA translation to viral protein is essentially the same as cellular mRNA
posttranslational modifications

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11
Q

macromolecular synthesis

A

transcription, translation, posttranslational modification and viral genome replication

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12
Q

DNA viruses

A

replication in nucleus
most use host cell’s DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II and other enzymes to transcribe viral mRNA

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13
Q

RNA virus

A

replicate in cytoplasm: must encode or carry necessary enzymes for transcription and replication in their genomes

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14
Q

assembly

A

viral matrix protein brings viral nucleocapsid to the cell membrane

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15
Q

maturation

A

budding virion
no cellular protein on the membrane
all viral protein

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16
Q

Release

A

take portion of cell membrane
completely replace cell protein with viral protein
free infectious virion

17
Q

Steps:

A

attachment
penetration
uncoating
macromolecular synthesis
transcription and translation
replication
assembly (maturation)
release

18
Q

Cytopathic Effect (CPE)

A

morphological changes of infected cells such as rounding, lysis, detachment, syncytia, inclusion bodies

19
Q

causes of CPE formation

A

direct pathological injury of the infected cells
side effect (altered metabolism due to virus replication)

20
Q

site of replication

A

dna virus in nucleus
rna virus in cytoplasm

21
Q

effect of viruses on cell metabolism

A

inhibit everything because they need those machinery to translate viral protein

22
Q

Entry of virus into the host

A

respiratory tract
GI tract
conjunctiva
genitourinary tract
skin

23
Q

skin

A

natural barrier-outer layer contains keratinized dead cells of stratum corneum

24
Q

respiratory tract

A

barriers
mucus, mucociliary movement, neutrophils, macrophages
IgA, CMI
droplet size, air current, humidity, temperature

25
Gastrointestinal tract
barriers low pH proteases bile salts mucus IgA, CMI enzymatic enhancement
26
Genitourinary tract
barriers: mucus, IgA, CMI
27
Conjunctiva
Barriers: tear, IgA and IgG
28
Hematogenous spread-Viremia
vascular system: major pathway, systemic spread entry site:limited replication primary viremia-spread to distant organs (major replication site) secondary viremia: major clinical signs high viremia=virulence
29
lymphatic spread
lymphatic spread-less important than viremia primary replication-epithelial cells, vascular system spread-lymphatic vessels to other tissues
30
neural spread
factor influencing the spread via CNS primary replication site viremia (titer and length) duration of nerve tissue exposure transport speed: 2-16 mm/day along nerve axon