immunology 1

Question 1

What can activate both a CD4 and CD8 T cell

Answer 1

the same antigen presenting cell (APC)

Question 2

What is the function of a cytotoxic T cell

Answer 2

To kill

Question 3

Features of epitopes recognized by B cells

Answer 3

on the surface of a protein
recognized by the variable region of an antibody

Question 4

B cell receptor (BCR) complex is comprised of

Answer 4

membrane bound immunoglobulin with a very short cytoplasmic tail: impossible to transduce signals
Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, which provides ITAMs to enable signaling transduction

Question 5

Thymus dependent activation of B cells

Answer 5

also called T cell dependent or simply T dependent
requires T cells to get activated

Question 6

Thymus independent activation of B cells

Answer 6

a different set of antigens
antigens can be identified as either T dependent or T independent
Does not require T cells
usually relies on TLR activation

Question 7

B cell activation Pathway

Answer 7

B cells present antigen to T cells via MHC-II thus activating T cells
T cells produce cytokines to activate B cells
B cells proliferate
B cells differentiate into effector B cells (Either memory B cells or plasma cell)

Question 8

Function of Antibodies

Answer 8

neutralization
opsonization
complement activation
ADCC

Question 9

Mast cell activation through a process similar to ADCC

Answer 9

mediated by Fc-gamma receptor
degranulation instead of killing

Question 10

Innate immunity

Answer 10

immediate response

Question 11

adoptive immunity

Answer 11

antigen-specific T and B cells (Fast but need to be generated first
generation of effector T and B cells from Native lymphocytes

Question 12

Hematopoiesis

Answer 12

starts with hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
innate immune cells
adaptive immune cells
dendritic cells as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Question 13

Innate sensing and immunity

Answer 13

mannose receptor or CD206 is a marker of anti-inflammatory M2 cells
Glucan receptor or dectin 1 is a non-TLR pattern recognition receptor (PRR)
Toll-like receptor (TLRs)
Scavenger receptor mediates phagocytosis

Question 14

Innate immunity receptor (TLR)

Answer 14

do not require gene rearrangements
expressed by all cells for a given cell type
recognize molecular patterns

Question 15

Adaptive immunity receptors

Answer 15

Requires gene rearrangements
each clone has different specificity
recognize specific epitopes

Question 16

Sequential activation

Answer 16

T cells activated by interaction with dendritic cells, then B cells activated by interacting with T cells

Question 17

MHC-1 and MHC-2

Answer 17

Structurally different
bind peptide of different lengths
interact with peptides through hydrogen bonds

Question 18

MHC-1 presents peptide antigens to

Answer 18

CD8 T cells

Question 19

MHC-2 presents peptide antigens to

Answer 19

CD4 T cells

Question 20

T cell activation pathway

Answer 20

recognition of the antigen presented by antigen-presenting cells
proliferate in the precense of IL-2
Differentiated into effector T cells

Question 21

Th1 helper

Answer 21

IFN-gamma is a signature cytokine
activated macrophages

Question 22

Th2 helpers

Answer 22

IL-4. Il-5, IL-13 are signature cytokines
activate B cells, eosinophils and mast cells

Question 23

Th17

Answer 23

IL-17 is signature cytokine
recruit neutrophils

Question 24

Tfh follicular T helper

Answer 24

Like Th2 but specific for B cell activation
present in germinal centers

Question 25

Treg

Answer 25

IL-10 is a signature cytokine
suppress immune activation