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Board Review: Microbiology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three variations of viruses in terms of envelops and capsid

A

Naked, icosahedral
Enveloped, icosahedral
Enveloped, helical

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2
Q

Recombination

A

Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over

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3
Q

Reassortment

A

when viruses WITH SEGMENTED GENOMES exchange segments. High frequency of recombination (causes of pandemics)

Genetic Shift

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4
Q

COmplementation

A

When a two viruses infect a cell and one viruses makes up for the lack of a protein in the other so that both are functional

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5
Q

Phenotype mixing

A

When two viruses infect the same cell, capsid of one can be coated wit hteh envelope of another. (no change in genetic material however)

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6
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A 
Smallpox
Yellow fever
Chicken pox
MMR
Sabin (Polio)
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7
Q

Killed Vaccines

A

Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Saulk)
Hep A

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8
Q

Recombinant viral Vaccines

A

Hep B

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9
Q

What is the only DNA virus that is not dsDNA ?

A

Parvovirus (like B19)

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10
Q

What are the only DNA viruses that do not have a linear chromosome ?

A

Papilloma, Polyoma and Hepadnaviruses

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11
Q

What is the only RNA virus that is not ssRNA ?

A

Reoviridae

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12
Q

Positive stranded RNA Viruses

A 
Retroviridae
Togaviridae
Coronaviridae 
Hepviridae 
Caliciviridae
Picornaviridae
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13
Q

What is true of the naked RNA from a negative sense RNA virus ?

A

They are not infectious (whereas naked RNA from a + sense RNA is !)

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14
Q

What are the only viruses that show diploid behavior ?

A

Retroviridae, two identical ssRNA molecules

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15
Q

What is the only family of DNA virus that does not replicate in the nucleus ?

A

POX (remember this family does not include chicken pox, that is a herpesviridae)

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16
Q

What are the only two RNA viruses that do not replicate in the CYTOPLASM ?

A

Influenza and Retroviridae.

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17
Q

Naked DNA viruses

A

Papoviridae
Adenoviridae
Parvoviridae
Polyomaviridae

PAPP smear

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18
Q

What are the Naked RNA Viruses ?

A

Picornaviruses (Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, Hep A)
Calicivirus
Reovirus
Hepevirus

CPR for Hep (Calici, Picorna, Reo and Hepe)

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19
Q

DNA Viruses : HHP PAPP

A

Herpes (Env)
Hepadna (Env)
Pox (Env)

Papilloma
Adenom
Parvo
Polyoma

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20
Q

What is the only family of DNA virus that is not icosahedral ?

A

Pox (complex and huge)

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21
Q

Again, what are the DNA viruses that do not replicate in the Nucleus ?

A

POX ! (Has own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

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22
Q

What are the Enveloped DNA Viruses /

A

Herpes
Hepadna
Pox

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23
Q

List the viruses which fall under ‘Herpesviridae’

A 
HSV 1/2
VZV
EBV 
CMV
HHV6
HHV7 (along with HHV6 is can cause roseola)
HHV8
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24
Q

What Hepatitis virus is actually part of the Hepadnavirus family ?

A

Hep B (Hep A is a picornaviruse, Hep C is a Flavi)

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25
Q

What can occur in patients who have a parvovirus infection and sickle cell diseae ?

A

Aplastic Crisis

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26
Q

What viruses are part of the Papoviridae ?

A

Papilloma virus ( HPV )

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27
Q

Polyoma Viruses are…

A

JC : Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (Junk cerebellum)

BK : Seen in transplant patients (Bum Kidney)

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28
Q

Which viruses are part of the Poxviridae ?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum
Varioloa (small pox)
Vaccinia (cow pox)

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29
Q

What serotype of HSV can cause herpes encephalopathy ?

A

HSV1 (its close to the brain, closer than HSV2)

Temporal love

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30
Q

Where does HSV2 lay dormant ?

A

Sacral Ganglia

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31
Q

Where does VZV usually lay dormant ?

A

Trigeminal Ganglia

Can cause encephalitis

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32
Q

Where does EBV lay dormant ?

A

In B-cells !!!!!!!!

33
Q

Where diseases is EBV associated with ?

A

Burkitt Lymphoma
Hodgkins
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (asians)

34
Q

What is the buzz word for CMV infection ?

A

Owl Eye Inclusion

35
Q

Where does CMV stay latent ?

A

Mononuclear cells

36
Q

What disease is associated with HHV6 ?

A

Roseola (HIGH fever, lace like rash)

37
Q

What disease is HHV 8 associated with ?

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

38
Q

Test of choice fog HSV identification ?

39
Q

What kind of cells do you see in HSV infection ?

A

Multinucleated (detected with Tzank smear)

40
Q

What is the type of inclusion seen in cells infected with HSV ?

A

Cowdry Bodies

41
Q

Review: What is the only RNA virus that is not ssRNA ?

42
Q

Is reovirus enveloped ?

43
Q

What two major viruses are part of the Reoviridae family ?

A

Rotavirus (#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children)

Coltivirus

44
Q

Picornavirus

A

Icosahedral
Naked
ssRNA +

45
Q

Picornaviruses (PERCH)

A 
Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxsackie
Hep A
46
Q

Hepevirus

47
Q

What viruses belong to the Calicivirus family ?

48
Q

Flavivirus

A

Icosahedral
ssRNA +
Enveloped

49
Q

Flaviviruses (all of them)

A 
Hep C
Dengue Virus 
Yellow Fever
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile
50
Q

Coronaviruses

A

Helical
ssRNA +
Enveloped

51
Q

What viruses are coronoviruses ?

A

SARS

Common COld

52
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Helical
ssRNA -
Enveloped
Replicates in cytoplasm

53
Q

Orthomyxoviridae (viruses )

54
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Helical

ssRNA -

55
Q

Paramyxoviruses (PRM)

A

Parainfluenza
RSV
Mumps/Measels

56
Q

Togavirus

A

Icosahedral
ssRNA +
Enveloped

57
Q

Togaviruses

A

Rubella (German Measels)

Eastern and Western Equine Fever

58
Q

Retroviridae

A

Icosahedral
ssRNA +
Enveloped

59
Q

Retroviruses

60
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

Helical
ssRNA -
Enveloped

RABIES !!!

61
Q

Filoviruses

A

Helical
ssRNA -
Enveloped

(Remember, all HElicals are enveloped)

Ebola Marburg

62
Q

Arenaviruses

A

Helical
ssRNA-
Enveloped

LCMV, Lassa Fever

63
Q

Bunyaviridae

A

Helical
ssRNA-
Enveloped

Hantavirus
Cali Encephalitis
Crimean Congo Fevers

64
Q

Delta Viruses

A

Helical
ssRNA
Enveloped

Hep D (Needs Hep B complementation to be infective)

65
Q

All Negative Stranded Viruses

A

“Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication”

Arenaviruses 
Bunya
Paramyxo 
Orthomyxo
Filo
Rhabdo
66
Q

Segmented Viruses

A

BOAR

Bunyaviridae
Orthomyxo
Arena
Reo

67
Q

Why does Rhinovirus (a picornavirus) not infect the stomach/ systemic ?

A

Destroyed by stomach acid

68
Q

Verctor for Yellow fever and for Dengue ?

A

Aedes mosquito

69
Q

mnemonic for Rotavirus effects

A

1 cause of deadly diarrhea in infants.

Right Out The Anus

70
Q

Hemmaglutinin

A

Needed for viral entry of Influenza

71
Q

Neuramninadase

A

Cleaves vision from the cell and allows release of virus

72
Q

Posterior auricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, rash starts at head and goes down

A

Rubella (Togavirus : +ssRNA, Enveloped, Icosahedral)

73
Q

The Three C’s of Measels (Rubeola)

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

74
Q

What are tell tale signs of Measels seen in the oral mucosa ?

A

Koplick Spots

75
Q

Describe the rash of measles

A

Starting behind the ears

Descending maculopapular rash

76
Q

What is a severe complication of Measels ?

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (occurs years after)

77
Q

What are the symptoms of Mumps (a paramyxovirus)

A

Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis

Paramyxovirus: - ssRNA , Helical , Enveloped

Includes Parinfluenzae, RSV and Measels/Mumps

78
Q

What is the cellular buzz word for Rhabies ?

A

Negri body !!!! (found in the purkinje cells of cerebellum)

Board Review: Microbiology (7 decks)

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