Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Board Review: Microbiology > Gram - Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram -, Diploccoci. IgA protease + Maltose fermenter, Polysaccharide capsule

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram -, Diplococci. IgA protease + ,Maltose non-fermenter. No capsule

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Grows of Chocolate Agar with Factor V and X

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Note: S.aureus can produce factor V which allows Haemophilus to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Seen in animal bites.

A

Pasturella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Toxin inhibits Gi leading to decreased phagocytic ability. Leads to coughing on exhalation and characteristic sound upon inspiration in children

A

Bortadella pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram -, Comma shaped. Oxidase + and grows on Alkaline media. Toxin increases cAMP leading to Cl- efflux and multiple ‘rice water stools’

A

Vibrio Cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gram -, Comma shaped. Oxidase + . Causes bloody diarrhea and is often transmitted by c fecal oral route through foods. Grows at 42 deg.

A

Campylobacter jejuni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Encapsulated , indole -

A

Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Encapsulated , indole +, Catalase +

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Not E.coli or Kleb haha

A

EnteroBACTER (not enterococcus, which is GROUP D STREP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gram- Rod, Slow Lactose fermenter. Catalase +

A

Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase - . Cell to cell transfer. Bloody Diarrhea Produces a toxin which inactivates the 60s ribosome.

A

Shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase -. Urease +

A

Proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase -. H2S+, Disseminated hematogenously. BLoody diarrhea. Often passed via uncooked poultry

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase +, Catalase + Blue Green pigmentation, grape like odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase +, Urease + . Involved in gastric ulcer formation.

A

H.pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Grow Pink colonies on MacConkey Agar

A

Lactose Fermenters !!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LaCtoSe is KEE

A

Klebsiella
E.coli
Enterobacter

Citrobacter
Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drugs are most Gram -‘s resistant to ?

A

Penicillin G and Vanco (due to outer membrane)

May still be susceptible to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What disease are associated with N.gonorrheae

A

Gonorrhea
PID
FItz-Hugh Curtis
Septic Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What disease are associated with N. meningitides ?

A

Meningitis
Meningococcemia
Waterhouse Friedrichson (Adrenal infarction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

May treat chlamydia infection concurrently with Azithromycin or Doxy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prophylaxis for N. menegitidis

Definitive treatment

A

Rifampin, Cipro, Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone and Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What illnesses does Haemophilus influenzae cause ?

haEMOPhilus

A

Epiglotitis
Meningitis (Encapsulated)
Otitis media
Pneumonia (think influenza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the composition of the Vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Type B capsular Polysaccharide complexed to Diptheria toxoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Gram -, Rod (really doesn’t gram stain) . Grows on BCYE with iron and cysteine. Visualized with Silver Stain. Aerial transmission in droplets

A

Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do you treat Legionella

A

Macrolide or Quinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Illnesses caused by Psuedomonas

PSUEDO F !

A 
Pneumonia
Sepsis
External otitis 
UTI
Diabetic Osteomyelitis 
Folliculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Like Diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas produces a toxin (ExoToxin A) which ….

A

Inhibits EF2 –> lack of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treatment for pseudomonas

A

Aminoglycoside

Extended Spectrum penecillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Due to expression of Fimbriae. E.coli have the ability to cause …

A

UTI (Cystitis and Pyelonephritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the K-capsule of E.coli allow it to do ?

A

pneumonia !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In which patients does Klebsiella (Gram - , Lactose + , ) cause lobar pneumonia preferentially ?

A

Alcoholics and Diabetics (when aspirated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Buzz word for Klebsiella infection

4 A’s

A

Red- Currant Jelly !

Aspiration
Abscess
Alcoholics
diAbetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Signs and symptoms of Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever) .

A

Rose spots on abdomen
Diarrhea
Fever
Headache

Resides in gallbladder in carrier state.

36
Q

Campylobacter often pre-cedes what two illness ?

A

Guillain Barre

Reactive Arthritis

37
Q

This gram - organism can cause symptoms similar to Crohns or appendicitis and is transmitted via pet feces, contaminated milk or pork.

A

Yersinia enterolitica

38
Q

Besides peptic ulcer disease, what can H.pylori cause

A

Adenocarcinoma

Lymphoma

39
Q

How would you treat H.pylori

A

Triple therapy

PPI
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin or metronidizole

40
Q

Spirochete that can be visualized by Giemsa stain

A

Borrelia

Leptospira and Treponema are t0o small and are usually diagnosed by dark field or IF.

41
Q

This spirochete is found in water contaminated with animal urine. Causes jaundice, photophobia and conjunctivitis. SURFERS IN HAWAII

A

Leptospira Interrogans

42
Q

Severe form of Leptospira infection

A

Weil Disease : Jaundice, azotemia, fever hemorrhage and anemia.

43
Q

What organism causes Lyme disease ?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochete, giemsa stain +)

44
Q

What is the natural reservoir for Borrelia ?

A

MICE (not deer!)

45
Q

Stage I of Lymes disase

A

Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Chronicum Migrans)

46
Q

Stage II Lymes Disease

A

Neuorlogic (facial palsy)

Cardiac Issues

47
Q

Stage III Lymes Disease

A

Musculoskeletal and neurologic (encephalopathy and polyneuropathy)

Monoarthritis

48
Q

Lyme Disease Syptoms: FACE

A

Facial nerve palsy
Arthritis
Cardiac block
Erythema migrans

49
Q

Syphilis is caused by

A

Treponema pallidum

50
Q

Primary Syphilis

A

PAINLESS Chancre on genitals (Treponema present)

51
Q

Secondary Syphilis

A

Copper colored maculopapular rash on entirety of body (Palms and Soles)

Condyloma Lata (Wart like lesion on the genitals, Treponema present ),

52
Q

Tertiary Syphilis

A

Gummas
Aortitis
Neurosyphilis (Tabes Dorsalis, argyle robertson pupil )

53
Q

Congenital Syphilis

A 
Saber Shins
Hutchinson teeth
Saddle nose
CN VIII Deafness 
Mulberry molar
54
Q

How do you screen for syphilis ?

55
Q

Why must you confirm +VDRL syphilis test with FTA-ABS (Immunofluorescence) ?

A

VDRL has many False Positive

VIruses (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic Fever
Lupus***, Lerposy

56
Q

What is the treatment for Syphilis ?

A

Penicillin G

57
Q

What causes the Jarisch Herxheimer Rxn ?

A

Release of pyrogens after spirochetes destroyed in syphilis

58
Q

Vector: Bartonella

A

Cat scratch fever (Cats)

59
Q

Vector: Borrelia reccurentis

A

Reccurent fever (from Louse)

60
Q

Vector:Campylobacter (zoonoses)

A

Puppies, livestock (fecal oral0

61
Q

Vector:Chlamydophila psittaci

A

Parrots and other idiot birds

62
Q

Vector:Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever . Cattle Sheep amniotic Fluid

63
Q

Vector:Ehrlichia chaffeensis

A

Lone star tick (Ehrlichiosis

64
Q

Vector:Francisella tularensis

A

Rabbits (tularemia)

65
Q

Vector:Leptospirosis (leptospira interrogans)

A

ANimal piss (Weil Disease, learn it fool)

66
Q

Vector:Lerposy (in the US)

A

Armadillos

67
Q

Vector: Pasturella multicoccida

A

Animal bites (dog/cat)

68
Q

Vector:Rickettsia prowazecki

A

Epidemic typhus (louse)

69
Q

Vector: Ricketsiaa ricketsii

A

RMSF (tick)

70
Q

Vector: Rickettsia typhi

A

Endmic typhus (Flea)

71
Q

Yersina pestis

A

black plague haha (flea)

72
Q

Gram variable rod, causitive agent of Bacterial Vaginosis . “Clue Cell” , fishy odor (non-painful).

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

73
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis treatment

A

Metronidazole

74
Q

Treatment for all Rickettsial Diseases

A

Doxycycline (REGARDLESS OF AGE, more important than bone, Cardiac Damage can kill you)

75
Q

Centripital rash, starting at wrist and going to trunk. Cover palms and soles. SE United States, out in the woods.

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

76
Q

Rickettsial rash beginning on Trunk and moving out in centrifugal manner

A

Typhus (Rickettsia prowazecki or Rickettsia Typhi)

77
Q

What is present in the cytoplasm of monocytes infected with Ehrlichia ?

A

Morula (NO RASH IS SEEN)

78
Q

Which is the infectious form of Chlamydia: Elementary or Reticulate body ?

A

Elementary (enters via endocytosis. Chlamydia are obligate intracellular organisms)

Reticulate body is for replication

79
Q

Treatment for all Chlamydia

A

Azithromycin (one time treatment)

Can give doxy too

80
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Type A,B,C

A

African Conjunctivitis, Blindness (conjunctivitis), Chronic infection

81
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Type D-K

A

Urethritis, PID , Neonatal pneumonia

82
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Type L1,L2,L3

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum : LGV may begin as a self-limited PAINLESS genital ulcer that occurs at the contact site 3–12 days after infection…Lymphadenopathy and buboes appear

83
Q

What disease is caused by Mycoplama pneumoniae ?

A

Walking Pneumonia

Non-productive cough, sweating, diffuse interstitial infiltrate

84
Q

Mycoplama pneumoniae diagnosis

A

High titer of IgM cold Agglutinins

Growth on Eatons Agar

X-ray with interstitial infiltrate beyond presentation of patient illness

85
Q

What is found in the cell membrane of Mycoplama pneumoniae ?

A

Sterols (for support since they do not have cell walls)

86
Q

What is the treatment for Mycoplama pneumoniae ?

A

Macrolide of Fluoroquinolones (penicillins will not work since there is no cell wall)

Board Review: Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions