Fungi Flashcards
Dimorphic
Mold in the Cold (20%), Yeast in the Beast (37% )
What is true of all of the systemic mycoses listed (Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Paracocciodiomycosis, Coccidiodes ) in terms of infectivity ?
They all can cause pneumoniae and disseminate to other sites !
Coccidiodes is a spherule in the body, not a yeast like the rest.
What is the treatment options for a systemic mycosis ?
Amphotericin B
Are systemic mycoses spread person to person ?
NOPE !
Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.
Pneumonia
Associated with Bird and Bat droppings
Hide within Macrophages
Histoplasmosis (Within Macrophage, smaller than RBC)
San Jauquin Valley (Desert Southwest)
Pneumonia and Meningitis which can disseminate to the bone and skin causing ‘Desert Bumps’
Spherule filled with endospores (larger than RBC)
Coccidiomycosis (Coccidio Crowds)
States East of Mississippi River and in Central America
Inflammatory Lung Disease that can disseminate to the skin and bone. Forms Granulomatous nodules
BROAD BASED BUDDIN
Blastomycosis (Same size as RBC)
Note: Histoplasma and Blasto overlap. Just be sure to check the transmission (Bat and Birds for Histo) and the presentation (Histo does not form granulomas and is not as apt to disseminated to the bone and skin). BROAD BASED BUDDING YEAST is key for Blastomycosis
Latin America
Budding Yeast with “Captains Wheel” appearance. (Larger than RBC)
Paracoccidiomycosis
Why is Tinea versicolor a misnomer ?
Malassezia furfur is not a tinea (a ring worm) , it is in fact a superficial infection of the keratin layer.
Buzz Word for KOH prep of Malassezia furfur
Spaghetti and Meatballs
What causes hypo/hyperpigmented patches seen in Malassezia fur fur?
Degradation of lipids that produce acids. These acids damage melanocytes
Hortae Wernickii
causes Tinea Nigra
Piedra Hortae
Causes black Pietra
Trichosporon sp..
White piedra
Trichophyton rubrum
main dermatophyte –> ring worm, athletes foot etc.
Others that lead to dermatophyte infection : Microsporon and Epidermophyton
Oral and Esophageal Thrush
Vulvovaginitis
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Candida Albicans (Catalase +, Gram +…strange I know, it’s a yeast but it is + for both).
Usually an opportunistic infection in either IC patients or those who have use Ab’s recently. (more of an overgrowth, like Gardnerella)
Treatment for Candidiasis
Vaginal: Topical Azole
Oral/ Esophageal : Fluconazole
Prevalent in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Branching SEPTATE Hyphae at 90 deg
Often infects a cavitation left by TB clearance
Allergic bronchitis (around rotting Hay)
Produces Afflatoxins which is associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Aspergillus !
Meningitis
HEAVILY ENCAPSULATED YEAST (not dimorphic)
PIGEON DROPPINGS (Similar to Histoplasmosis)
Meningitis
Stains with India Ink (capsule)
“Soap Bubble Lesion” in brain
AIDS defining Illness
Cryptococcus Neoformans
NON SEPTATE HYPHAE AT 90 degrees
Assiciated with IC and DIABETICS
Can penetrate the cribiform plate and enter the brain
Black Necrotic eschar on the face
Mucor
Pneumonia
Disk shaped yeast on Methanamine Silver Stain of Lung
Highly associated with AIDS. Prophylactics treatment begins when CD4 drops less than 200
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Treatment for PCP
TMP-SMX , Dapsone
Rose Gardners Disease
Cigar Shaped Budding Yeast (Dimorphic)
Local Pustule and ulcer with nodules along draining lymph channels.
Sporothrix schenckii
Treat with itraconozole
