Parasites

Question 1

Protozoal GI Infection:
bloating, Flatulence FOUL SMELLING STOOL. FAT GLOBULES
Transmited by cysts in contaminated water
‘Beaver Fever’, campers and hikers
May see trophozoites or cysts

Answer 1

Giardia lamblia

Question 2

Protozoal GI Infection:
Bloody Diarrhea 
RUQ pain
Liver Abscess 'anchovy paste' exudate
Transmitted by cysts.
May see trophozoites (with RBC in cytoplasm) or Cysts

Answer 2

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 3

TOC for Giardia lamblia ?

Answer 3

Metronidazole

Question 4

TOC for entamoeba histolytica ?

Answer 4

Metronidazole
Iodoquinol (for cysts)

Question 5

Protozoal GI Infection:
SEVERE DIARRHEA IN AIDS (AIDS defining Illness)
Transmitted by cysts which can be seen on Acid Fast Staining

Answer 5

Cryptosporidium parvum

Question 6

TOC for Cryptosporidium

Answer 6

Nitazoxanide (prophylactic)

Question 7

Protozoal CNS Infections:
Associated with CATS (cysts in feces)
Crosses the placenta in pregnant women.
Brain Abscess in HIV with “RING ENHANCING LESIONS”
Triad: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus and intracranial Calcification
Diagnosed by Serology and Biopsy

Answer 7

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 8

Protozoal CNS Infections:
RAPIDLY FATAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
Fresh water lake and ponds that are warm.
Will see amoebas in spinal fluid

Answer 8

Nagleria fowleri

Question 9

Protozoal CNS Infections:
African Sleeping Sickness
Transmitted by Tse Tse Fly
Enlarged lymph nodes , recurring fever, somnolence and coma

Answer 9

Trypanasoma sp. (Brucei, Gambiense, Rhodesiense.

Question 10

TOC for Toxoplasmosis

Answer 10

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

Question 11

TOC for Nagleria fowleri

Answer 11

Nothing really works

Amphotericin has had limited success

Question 12

TOC for Trypanasoma spp.

Answer 12

Suramin (blood borne)

Melarsoprol (CNS penetration)

Question 13

Hematologic Protazoal infection:
Fever, Anemia, headache Splenomegaly
IRREGULAR  fever patterns
Trophozoite Ring Form seen in RBC's
ANopheles Mosquito vector.

Answer 13

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 14

Hematologic Protazoal infection:
Fever, Anemia, headache Splenomegaly
48 hr cycle of fever. 
Dormant hypnozoite is seen in the liver and can reactivate years down the line
Trophozoite ring form 
Anopheles vector

Answer 14

Plasmodium Vivax/Ovale

Question 15

DOC for P. falciparum

Answer 15

Chloroquine (blocks heme polymerase of Plasmodium)
If life threatening use Quinidine
Mefloquine if resistant

MAKE SURE TO TEST FOR G6PD Deficiency –> Hemolytic Anemia ( NADH will not be formed –> Inablitiy to reduce Glutathione..oxidative damage)

Question 16

DOC for P. Vivax/Ovale

Answer 16

Primaquine (only one used for dormant hypnozoite clearance)
Use chloroquine initially

MAKE SURE TO TEST FOR G6PD Deficiency –> Hemolytic Anemia ( NADH will not be formed –> Inablitiy to reduce Glutathione..oxidative damage)

Question 17

Hematologic Protazoal infection:
Fever and Hemolytic Anemia
Vector is Ixiodes (Tick)
Can be co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi
Blood smear shows Ring Form (like Plasmodium) and “Maltese Cross”
Definitive Diagnosis is PCR

Answer 17

Babesia Microti

Question 18

TOC for Babesiosis

Answer 18

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

Question 19

Multi-organ Protozoal Infection:
Chagas Disease
The C’s: Cardiomyopathy, mega Colon, Chagoma Children
Vector is the Reduviid kissing bug (Painless Bite)
Diagnosis is by presentation and blood smear

Answer 19

Trypanasoma cruzi “Chagas Disease”

Question 20

Multi-organ Protozoal Infection:
Spiking fever, hepatsplenomegaly , pancytopeni
Vectored by the sand-fly
Variant causes necrotic death of tissue
Diagnose by see in Macrophages containing amastigots

Answer 20

Leishmania donovani

‘Leishmaniasis’

Question 21

Protozoal STD:
Vaginitis with foul smelling frothy green discharge
(No KOH is needed to smell this funky stuff)
Spread by sexual contact
Motile trophozoite on wet mount

Answer 21

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 22

TOC for Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 22

Nifurtimox

Question 23

TOC for Leishmaniasis

Answer 23

Sodium stibugluconate

Question 24

TOC for Trichomonas vaginals

Answer 24

Metronidazole

Question 25

Scientific name for 'pin worm'

Answer 25

enterobius vermicularis

Question 26

how is enterobius vermicularis diagnosed ?

Answer 26

Scotch Tape test

Question 27

TOC for enterobius vermicularis

Answer 27

Mebendazole | Pyrantel pamoate

Question 28

Scientific name for "Giant Round Worm' ? How are they transmitted ?

Answer 28

Ascaris lumbricoides Fecal Oral (you will see the eggs in the feces

Question 29

TOC for Ascaris lumbricoides ?

Answer 29

Mebendazole and Pyrantel Pamoate

Question 30

Scientific name for the human "Threadworm"

Answer 30

Strongoloides stercoralis

Question 31

What systemic symptoms are seen in Strongoloides stercoralis infection ?

Answer 31

V/D and anemia

Question 32

TOC for Strongoloides stercoralis

Answer 32

Ivermectin and Albendazole

Question 33

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are scientific names for 2 species of....

Answer 33

Hook worm

Question 34

Mode of transmission for hook worM ?

Answer 34

through the feet. larvae penetrate

Question 35

Symptoms of hookworm infection >

Answer 35

Anemia due to sucking of blood from the GI Wall

Question 36

TOC for Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus ?

Answer 36

Mebendazole or Pyrantal pomoate

Question 37

Dracunculus medinensis is treated by

Answer 37

removing slowly through the skin (african worm found in the water)

Question 38

Name the organism: Causitive agent for African River Blindness Transmitted by female black fly Treated with Ivermectin

Answer 38

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 39

Hawaiin eye worm Transmitted by deer fly, horse fly or mango fly Worm is in conjunctiva

Answer 39

Loa Loa

Question 40

TOC for Loa Loa

Answer 40

Diethycarbamazine

Question 41

Lymphatic filarial worm Transmitted by mosquito HUGE TESTICALS IN MALES DUE TO LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

Answer 41

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 42

TOC for Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 42

Diethylcarbamazine

Question 43

Visceral larval migrans | Food contaminated with eggs

Answer 43

Toxocara canis

Question 44

TOC for Toxocara canis

Answer 44

Albendazole, Mebendozole

Question 45

Cestodes are a class of parasite more commonly known as

Answer 45

Tapeworms

Question 46

Transmitted from cysts in pork (Pork Tape worm) Causes Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis Treate with Praziquantal (bendezoles for neurocystisarcosis)

Answer 46

Taenia Solium (Pork tape worm)

Question 47

Fish Tape Worm Leads to vitamin B12 deficiency. and anemia Treat with praziquantal

Answer 47

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 48

Dog Tape Worm (ingested from dog crap) Encysts in the liver. If antigens released --> anaphylaxis

Answer 48

Ecchinococcus granulosus

Question 49

Schistosome species Snails are host Has LATERAL spine Liver and spleen granuloma

Answer 49

Schistosoma mansoni

Question 50

Schistosome species Terminal spine Affects bladder Can lead to SCC of bladder

Answer 50

Schistosoma haemotobium

Question 51

TOC for schistosomes

Answer 51

Praziquantal

Question 52

Undercooked fish Billiary tract infection--> pigmentd gall stones Associated with CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

Answer 52

Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)

Question 53

Giant Lung FLuke Hemoptysis with 2nd bacterial infection Undercooked crab meat

Answer 53

Paragonimus westermani.