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Board Review: Microbiology > Gram + Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram + Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram +, Catalase + Cocci

A

Staphylococcus

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2
Q

Gram + Coagulase + Cocci

A

S. Aureus

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3
Q

Gram +Catalase +, Coagulase - Cocci

A

Staph. epidermidis , Staph. saprophyticus

Both are Urease +

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4
Q

Gram + Catalase +, Coagulase - , Novobiocin Resistant Cocci

A

Staph. Saprophyticus

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5
Q

Gram + Catalase +, Coagulase - , Novobiocin sensitive Cocci

A

Staph. Epidermidis

The Skin is Sensitive

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6
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci

A

Streptococci

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7
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Alpha Hemolytic Cocci

A

Strep. pneumonia

Viridans streptococci

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8
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Alpha Hemolytic, Optochin Sensitive Cocci

A

Strep. pneumoniae

Pop To Chin Sensitive ( Pneumonia is Optochin Sensitive) despite being protected ( Encapsulated)

Strep pneumoniae is the Sidney Crosby of bacteria.

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9
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Alpha Hemolytic, Optochin Resistant Cocci

A

Viridans Streptococcus

Virile and can take on to the Chin and keep ticking.

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10
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Beta Hemolytic cocci

A

Strep.pyogenes (Group A)

Strep . agalactiae (Group B)

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11
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Beta Hemolytic, Bacitracin Resistant cocci

A

Strep. Agalactiae (Group B)

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12
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Beta Hemolytic, Bacitracin Sensitive cocci

A

Strep. Pyogenes (Group A)

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13
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Gamma hemolytic cocci

A

Enterococci

Non-enterococci

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14
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Gamma hemolytic cocci. Growth on Bile Esculin and 6% NaCl

A

Enterococcus (Group D)

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15
Q

Gram + Catalase - cocci , Gamma hemolytic cocci. Growth on Bile Esculin but not 6% NaCl

A

Non-enterococcus (S.bovis)

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16
Q

Gram + with branching filaments. Aerobic , Acid-Fast

A

Nocardia

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17
Q

Gram + Branching filaments. Anaerobe, Not acid fast.

A

Actinomyces

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18
Q

Gram + Rod , anaerobic (obligate)

A

Clostridium

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19
Q

Gram + Rod (clover shaped),

A

Corynebacterium

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20
Q

Gram + rod. facultive intracellular

A

Listeria

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21
Q

Gram (+) , Rod . Acid Fast. Ziehl Nelson +

A

Mycobacterium

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22
Q

Presentation of alpha hemolytics on blood agar.

A

Form Green Ring

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23
Q

Beta hemolytic on blood agar

A

Clear area of hemolysis

Staph Aureus (Cat+, Coag +)
Strep pyogenes (Group A).. Bacitracin Sens
Strep agalactiae (Group B).. Bacitracin Res 
Listeria monocytogens ..
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24
Q

Gram +, in grape like clusters. Can form fibrin clot leading to abscess. Severe variant has methecillin resistance and must be treated with Vancomycin.

A

Staph Aureus

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25
Q

Gram + cocci Infects prosthetic devices and catheters. Sensitive to novobiocin

A

Staph. epidermidis

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26
Q

Gram + diplococci, encapsulated. Most common cause of meningitis, otitis media (children). Has IgA protease.

A

Strep pneumo (dont confuse with Neisseria, which are gram -)

Most common cause of : meningitis, otitis media , pneumonia and Sinusitis

RUST COLORED SPUTUM

Optochin Sensitive (Pop to chin sensitive) 
(Sidney Crosby of the Bacterial world)
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27
Q

Gram + Cocci that live in the mouth and cause dental carries. May also lead to Bacterial endocarditis at damaged heart valves. Optochin resistant

A

Viridans Strep (Strep mutans, Strep Sanguis)

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28
Q

This Viridans strep bacteria is responsible for infection of heart valves due to its glycocalyx formation.

A

Strep Sanguis

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29
Q

Dental carries are caused by this Virridans Strep species

A

Strep. Mutans

30
Q

What are the pyrogenic effects of a S.pyogenes infection ?

A

Pharyngitis
Cellulitis
Impetigo (S.aureus also causes this)

31
Q

What are the Toxigenic effects of S.pyogenes ?

A

Scarlett Fever (sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue)
Toxic Shock like Syndrome
Necrotizing Fasciitis

32
Q

What are the Immunologic effects of S.pyogenes ?

A

Rheumatic Fever

Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis

33
Q

What substance is S.pyogenes sensitive to ?

A

Bacitracin

34
Q

What molecule on S.pyogenes can lead to cross reactivity and thus Rheumatic Fever ?

A

M-Protein (structurally similar to epitopes on heart valves. Leads to Type II hypersensitivity).

35
Q

Will you have a positive ASO titer in a patient with Rheumatic Fever ?

A

YES! but By that time Rheumatic fever occurs, the bug is cleared but Ab that is cross reactive still persists. (ASO persist weeks t months after infection)

ASO detects recent strep infection ( Streptolysin O is the portion that leads to B-hemolysis by destroying cell membranes)

36
Q

What more commonly precedes Glomeulonephritis in S.pyogenes: Impetigo or Pharyngitis ?

37
Q

Rhematic Fever Criteria: J- CaNES

A 
Joints (Polyarthritis)
Cardiac 
Nodules 
Erythema marginatum 
Syndeham Chorea
38
Q

Due to its ability to colonize the vagina, what can the S.agalactiae cause in neonate ?

A

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis

Remember: S. pneumo and GBBHS (S.agalactiae) are encapsulated so they often cause pneumonia and meningitis.

Screen pregnant women for GBBHS at 35-37 weeks and treat all women who there is not time to test. (Intrapartum Penicillin)

39
Q

Strep agalactiae produce which factor that increases the area of beta hemolysis formed by S.aureus ?

A

CAMP factor

40
Q

What specific test is used to diagnose S. agalactiae ?

A

Hippurate Test (test ability to hydrolyzee hippurate..which it can do)

41
Q

What two bacterial groups are part of the Group D strep ?

A

Enterococcal (E.faecealis)

Non-enterococcal

42
Q

Enterococci are resistant to which anti-bacterial agent

A

Penicilin G

(Also grow on 6.5% NaCl and Bile whereas non-enterococci will only grow on Bile esculin).

43
Q

What infections are notably caused by Enterococci ?

A

UTI
Billiary Tract
Acute endocarditis

44
Q

Strep. Bovis is a Group D bacteria. If you see Bovis in the blood stream what should you immediately asses for in the patient ?

A

COLON CANCER

Bovis is released into the blood by perforated bowels (colon cancer)’

Strep bovis in the blood can lead to Acute Endocarditis

45
Q

How does Diptheria toxin inhibit EF2 ? What effect does this have on the cell ?

A

ADP-ribosyltion of EF2 stops protein synthesis leading to cell death.

46
Q

What kind of media will Diptheria grow on ?

A

Cysteine Tellurite (black colonies

47
Q

What encodes the potent Diptheria Exotoxin ?

A

Beta prophage

48
Q

List Major Spore Forming Bacteria

A

Bacillus Antrhacis, Bacillus Cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, Coxiella burnetti

49
Q

Gram + Rod, exotoxin inhibits the release of GABA from Renshaw Cells in the spinal cord by cleaving SNARE proteins –> trismus

A

Clostridium tetani

50
Q

Gram + Rod, exotoxin inhibits the release of ACh at neuromuscular junction by cleaving SNARE proteins

A

Clostridium botulinum

Preforemed toxin is heat labile (can be destroyed)

Adults disease is from preformed toxin
Babies is from spores (often in honey)

51
Q

Gram + Rod, produces a toxin which is a phospholipase –> Gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens (technically is Beta hemolytic )

52
Q

Gram + Rod, produces Toxin A (bind brush border) and Toxin B (cytotoxic to enterocytes).

A

C. difficile

53
Q

What Ab’s are often used prior to the surfacing of a C.diff infection ?

A

Clindamycin

Ampicillin

54
Q

What clinical presentation is caused by Toxin B of C.diff ?

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis

55
Q

What is used to treat C.diff ?

A

Oral Vanco

Metronidazole.

56
Q

Gram + spore forming Rod, has Poly D-glutamic capsule.

A

Bacillus anthracis

57
Q

What is the general presence of Cutaneous anthrax ?

A

BLACK ESCHAR (Edema factor and Lethal Factor)

58
Q

What disease name is given to inhalation anthrax ?

A

Woolsorters Disease (anthrax is often found on animal hides etc)

59
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Inhalation anthrax ?

A

Flu- like, Fever, Hemorrhage, Shock

X-ray: Mediastinal widening

60
Q

What are the two types of toxins associated with Bacillus cereus ?

A

Emetic : rice and pasta. N/V 1-5 hrs after injection.

Diarrrheal: Watery non-bloody diarrhea. 8-18 hours post.

61
Q

Gram + rod, Facultive intracellular organims. Forms ‘actin rockets’ to go from cell to cell. Supposed Beta Hemolysis

A

Listeria monocytogens

62
Q

What can Listeria cause in pregnant women ? Neonates ?

A

Spontaneous abortion

Meningitis and septicemia

63
Q

Gram + Filamentous, Aerobe that is Acid fast and is treated with sulfonamides for pulmonary infections

64
Q

Gram + Filamentous anaerobe. Leave “yellow sulfur granules” with Oral-facial abscess . treated with penicillin

A

Actinomyces

65
Q

Poorly Gram staining Rod. Acid Fast and forms Ghon Complex in the lungs. Caseous necrosis. Produce cord factors

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Cord Factor: Stops macrophage maturation and granuloma formation and induces release of TNF-a.

66
Q

Ghon complex

A

Primary tuberculosis
Middle lobe (zone) of lung
Immune Response has not been activated

67
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

Secondary Tuberculosis

Reactivation with immune response

68
Q

Pott’s disease

A

Milliary spread of TB to the Spine (vertebral body)

69
Q

Common symptoms of M. tuberculosis infection

A

Fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis

70
Q

Acid fast bacilli. Cause glove and stocking sensory loss by damaging skin and superficial nerves . Often affects the face (instead of moving within the body) due to preference for cold temperatures.

A

Mycobacterium leprae

71
Q

Form of Hansen’s Disease which presents diffusely over skin and is communicable.
Often seen in patients who have a low Cell Mediated immunity and TH2 response . “leonine Facies)

A

Lepromatous Leprosy

Treat with Rifampin and Dapsone

72
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

Few localized hairless skin plaques

Good TH1 response (cell mediated immunity)

Board Review: Microbiology (7 decks)

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