Virology 2 Flashcards
What is the presence of a virus in the blood called?
A) Viremia
B) Bacteremia
C) Fungemia
D) Septicemia
A
What is the final step in viral pathogenesis?
A) Viral spread
B) Cell injury
C) Viral shedding
D) Recovery
Answer: C) Viral shedding
Which factor does NOT influence the outcome of a viral infection?
A) Host
B) Environment
C) Agent
D) Virus color
Answer: D) Virus color
Which of the following is NOT a step in viral pathogenesis?
A) Entry and primary replication
B) Viral spread and cell tropism
C) Host mutation
D) Recovery from infection
Answer: C) Host mutation
What occurs during the cell injury stage?
A) Viruses remain dormant
B) The host shows clinical signs of illness
C) The virus spreads through the environment
D) The host becomes resistant to all infections
Answer: B) The host shows clinical signs of illness
Which of the following is a direct mode of transmission?
A) Airborne transmission
B) Vector-borne transmission
C) Skin-to-skin contact
D) Waterborne transmission
Answer: C) Skin-to-skin contact
What type of transmission occurs when a mosquito spreads a virus?
A) Airborne
B) Vehicle-borne
C) Direct contact
D) Vector-borne
D
What is an example of vehicle-borne transmission?
A) A person sneezing near another person
B) Consuming contaminated food
C) A mosquito bite
D) Direct skin contact
Answer: B) Consuming contaminated food
Which specimen is preferable for detecting rotavirus?
A) Blood
B) Stool
C) Urine
D) Serum
Answer: B) Stool
What is the first step in viral pathogenesis?
A) Viral shedding
B) Entry & Primary Replication
C) Cell injury & Clinical illness
D) Recovery from infection
B
Which virus family includes MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and COVID-19?
A) Adenoviruses
B) Coronaviruses
C) Herpesviruses
D) Enteroviruses
B
What is the most common route of systemic viral spread?
A) Nervous system
B) Lymphatics and bloodstream
C) Digestive tract
D) Direct skin contact
B
Which mode of transmission involves direct contact?
A) Airborne
B) Vector-borne
C) Droplet
D) Fomite transmission
Answer: C) Droplet
What is an example of indirect transmission?
A) Skin-to-skin contact
B) Kissing
C) Airborne spread
D) Sexual contact
Answer: C) Airborne spread
What type of specimen is preferred for detecting RSV and influenza?
A) Urine
B) Nasopharyngeal swab
C) Blood culture
D) Stool sample
Answer: B) Nasopharyngeal swab
What specimen is required for detecting CMV in urine?
A) 2 ml of urine
B) 5 ml of urine
C) At least 10 ml of urine
D) 1 ml of urine
Answer: C) At least 10 ml of urine
What does a Tzanck smear detect?
A) Influenza virus
B) CMV
C) HSV or VZV
D) Enterovirus
C
What is the primary virus detected in a blood culture?
A) Influenza
B) CMV
C) Rotavirus
D) Adenovirus
Answer: B) CMV - Cytomegalovirus
Which virus can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid?
A) Enteroviruses
B) Mumps
C) Rubella
D) Rhinovirus
Answer: A) Enteroviruses
Which virus is detected in bone marrow samples?
A) Herpes simplex
B) Parvovirus B19
C) Influenza
D) RSV
Answer: B) Parvovirus B19
What type of specimen is best for antibody testing?
A) Throat swab
B) Serum
C) Nasopharyngeal aspirate
D) Stool sample
Answer: B) Serum
Which medium is used for viral transport?
A) Buffered saline
B) VTM (Viral Transport Media)
C) Nutrient agar
D) MacConkey agar
B
What temperature should viral specimens NOT be frozen at?
A) -20°C
B) 4°C
C) -80°C
D) Room temperature
Answer: A) -20°C
What type of blood sample is best for viral isolation?
A) Whole blood
B) Serum
C) Plasma
D) Blood clot
Answer: A) Whole blood
What is an essential component of VTM?
A) Bacterial culture medium
B) Protein stabilizers
C) Fungal inhibitors
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
What is the best sample for detecting respiratory viruses?
A) Bronchoalveolar wash
B) Urine sample
C) Skin lesion swab
D) Stool sample
Answer: A) Bronchoalveolar wash
What is the recommended condition for storing serum for antibody testing?
A) At room temperature
B) Refrigerated at 4°C
C) Frozen at -20°C
D) Both B and C
D
Which virus is commonly detected in vesicular skin lesions?
A) Influenza virus
B) HSV or VZV
C) Enterovirus
D) Rotavirus
Answer: B) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) or VZV - Varicella Zoster Virus
What should be done to specimens if processing is delayed?
A) Freeze at -20°C
B) Keep at room temperature
C) Refrigerate
D) Discard the sample
Answer: C) Refrigerate
What type of virus is commonly found in stool samples?
A) Herpes simplex
B) Rotavirus
C) Influenza
D) COVID-19
Answer: B) Rotavirus
What type of specimen is collected in a sterile tube with anticoagulant for viral detection?
A) Blood
B) Urine
C) Nasopharyngeal swab
D) Stool
A
Which method is best for detecting viral infections in the lower respiratory tract?
A) Throat swab
B) Blood test
C) Bronchoalveolar lavage
D) Skin biopsy
C
