Agent of Yeast Flashcards by ELNA MAY BUSLON

Yeasts are classified into which two groups?
A) Molds and Yeasts
B) Yeasts and Yeastlike fungi
C) Bacteria and Yeasts
D) Fungal spores and Yeast

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Which Candida species is the most common pathogen?
A) Candida tropicalis
B) Candida albicans
C) Candida glabrata
D) Candida krusei

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What is a major risk factor for Candida infections?
A) High carbohydrate diet
B) Weakened immune system
C) Excessive sweating
D) Poor posture

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What morphology is typical of Candida species?
A) Hyphae only
B) Pseudohyphae and blastoconidia
C) Only yeast-like forms
D) Spore formation

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Candida glabrata can ferment which sugar?
A) Lactose
B) Glucose
C) Trehalose
D) Sucrose

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What is a hallmark sign of failed immunity in HIV patients?
A) Hair loss
B) Thrush
C) Skin rash
D) Fever

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Which condition is associated with an overgrowth of Candida in the mouth?
A) Onychomycosis
B) Thrush
C) Vulvovaginitis
D) Esophagitis

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Which test is used for the rapid identification of Candida albicans?
A) Gram stain
B) Germ tube test
C) PCR test
D) Catalase test

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Which type of infection affects the esophagus?
A) Cryptococcosis
B) Candidal esophagitis
C) Tinea corporis
D) Aspergillosis

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Which factor does NOT contribute to Candida overgrowth in the vagina?
A) High estrogen
B) Antibiotics
C) Low sugar intake
D) Pregnancy

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What type of infection is Candidal diaper dermatitis?
A) Respiratory
B) Skin
C) Gastrointestinal
D) Neurological

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What is the main function of lactobacillus in the vagina?
A) Produce vitamin K
B) Maintain pH balance
C) Break down lactose
D) Aid digestion

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Which Candida species is the second most common?
A) Candida albicans
B) Candida glabrata
C) Candida tropicalis
D) Candida parapsilosis

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Which condition involves a fungal infection of the nails?
A) Paronychia
B) Onychomycosis
C) Intertrigo
D) Candidemia

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What is the primary mode of entry for Cryptococcus infection?
A) Skin contact
B) Inhalation
C) Ingestion
D) Blood transfusion

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Which type of agar is used for differentiating Candida species?
A) Blood agar
B) MacConkey agar
C) CHROMagar Candida
D) Mannitol salt agar

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What is a major virulence factor of Cryptococcus?
A) Capsule
B) Flagella
C) Toxin production
D) Spore formation

What is the common environmental reservoir of Cryptococcus?
A) Freshwater lakes
B) Pigeon droppings
C) Rotten fruit
D) Fish tanks

What color does Candida albicans appear on CHROMagar Candida?
A) Pink
B) Green
C) Blue
D) White

What is a major symptom of cryptococcal meningitis?
A) Diarrhea
B) Skin rash
C) Headache and confusion
D) Joint pain

What does the India ink stain detect?
A) Bacterial spores
B) Fungal capsule
C) Fungal hyphae
D) Yeast budding

Which condition is known as “diaper rash”?
A) Intertrigo
B) Candidal diaper dermatitis
C) Onychomycosis
D) Paronychia

What enzyme is responsible for Cryptococcus’ black colony appearance on Birdseed Agar?
A) Catalase
B) Phenol oxidase
C) Urease
D) Coagulase

What is the main antifungal treatment for systemic candidiasis?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Amphotericin B
C) Acyclovir
D) Rifampin

What does the term "phenotypic switching" refer to in Candida? A) Resistance to antifungals B) Change in morphology C) Loss of virulence D) Increase in size

Which Candida species does NOT produce pseudohyphae? A) Candida albicans B) Candida glabrata C) Candida tropicalis D) Candida krusei

What test is used to detect chlamydoconidia in Candida albicans? A) Blood culture B) Cornmeal Tween 80 Agar C) KOH test D) Latex agglutination

What is the distinguishing feature of Candida tropicalis? A) Produces germ tubes B) Produces “pseudo-germ tubes” C) Cannot grow on CHROMagar D) Encapsulated

What color does Candida tropicalis appear on CHROMagar? A) Green B) Blue C) White D) Yellow

Which diagnostic test for Cryptococcus involves detecting capsular antigen in CSF? A) India ink stain B) KOH mount C) Gram stain D) Coagulase test

What condition is characterized by fungal infection around the fingernail? A) Onychomycosis B) Paronychia C) Thrush D) Intertrigo

Which enzyme helps Cryptococcus evade the immune system? A) Coagulase B) Phenol oxidase C) Urease D) Lipase

Which Candida species is known for its resistance to fluconazole? A) Candida albicans B) Candida glabrata C) Candida tropicalis D) Candida krusei

What does a positive germ tube test indicate? A) Presence of Candida albicans B) Presence of Cryptococcus C) Presence of Aspergillus D) Presence of Dermatophytes

What is the primary route of transmission for Cryptococcus neoformans? A) Skin-to-skin contact B) Inhalation of fungal spores C) Contaminated water D) Ingestion of infected food

Which test helps differentiate between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis? A) Germ tube test at different temperatures B) Blood culture C) Gram stain D) Coagulase test

What structure does Candida use to invade host tissues? A) Flagella B) Hyphae C) Capsules D) Endospores

Which Cryptococcus species is commonly associated with eucalyptus trees? A) Cryptococcus neoformans B) Cryptococcus gattii C) Candida tropicalis D) Candida glabrata

What is the primary treatment for cryptococcal meningitis? A) Fluconazole B) Itraconazole C) Amphotericin B and Flucytosine D) Nystatin

Which Candida species is commonly associated with urinary tract infections? A) Candida tropicalis B) Candida glabrata C) Candida parapsilosis D) Candida krusei

What condition does Candida cause in the intertriginous areas of the body? A) Tinea versicolor B) Intertrigo C) Athlete’s foot D) Psoriasis