Laboratory Flashcards
Which microscopy method is best for detecting poxviruses?
A) Bright Field Microscopy
B) Electron Microscopy
C) Fluorescence Microscopy
D) Phase Contrast Microscopy
(Answer: A)
What type of inclusion body is found in Rabies virus-infected cells?
A) Guarnieri bodies
B) Negri bodies
C) Cowdry type A bodies
D) Henderson-Patterson bodies
(Answer: B)
What test is used to diagnose herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from vesicular lesions?
A) Tzanck Smear
B) ELISA
C) PCR
D) Western Blot
(Answer: A)
Which virus is best detected using cervical PAP smear?
A) Rabies virus
B) Papilloma virus
C) Cytomegalovirus
D) Rotavirus
(Answer: B)
Which viruses can be detected in stool using electron microscopy?
A) HIV, HSV, RSV
B) Norwalk, Rotavirus, Enterovirus
C) Influenza, Measles, Rabies
D) CMV, HPV, Adenovirus
(Answer: B)
What type of microscopy uses FITC-labeled antibodies?
A) Bright Field
B) Electron
C) Immunofluorescence
D) Dark Field
(Answer: C)
Which of the following is NOT commonly detected by enzyme immunoassays?
A) Influenza Virus
B) Respiratory Syncytial Virus
C) Human Papillomavirus
D) Rotavirus
C
Which enzyme immunoassay test is used to detect Hepatitis B virus from serum or plasma?
A) DFA
B) Western Blot
C) ELISA
D) PCR
C
What is the most commonly used nucleic acid detection method?
A) Hybridization assay
B) PCR
C) Branched DNA
D) Flow cytometry
B
Which enzyme is used in PCR for DNA amplification?
A) DNA ligase
B) Taq Polymerase
C) Reverse transcriptase
D) RNA polymerase
B
Which base pair forms two hydrogen bonds in DNA?
A) A-G
B) C-T
C) A-T
D) G-C
C
Which step in PCR involves the separation of double-stranded DNA?
A) Denaturation
B) Annealing
C) Extension
D) Replication
A
What is considered the “Gold Standard” for virus identification?
A) PCR
B) Cell Culture
C) ELISA
D) Western Blot
B
Which method is used for influenza vaccine production?
A) Tissue Culture
B) Embryonated Egg Inoculation
C) Animal Inoculation
D) Hemagglutination Assay
B
Which type of cell culture is used for short-term virus isolation?
A) Primary Cell Culture
B) Diploid Cell Line
C) Continuous Cell Line
D) Engineered Cell Line
A
Which virus is commonly grown in human diploid fibroblast cultures?
A) Influenza
B) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C) Rabies
D) Hepatitis B
B
Which continuous cell line is derived from human cervical carcinoma?
A) HEK293
B) HeLa
C) A549
D) Vero
B
Which medium is rich in serum and used for rapid cell growth?
A) Growth Medium
B) Maintenance Medium
C) Transport Medium
D) Enrichment Medium
A
Which virus produces “Owl Eye” inclusion bodies?
A) HPV
B) HSV
C) CMV
D) RSV
C
Which virus produces Cowdry Type A inclusions?
A) HPV
B) HSV
C) Rabies
D) RSV
B
What CPE effect is commonly seen in RSV-infected cells?
A) Syncytial formation
B) Inclusion bodies
C) Cell lysis
D) Shrinking
A
What serologic marker indicates a primary viral infection?
A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgE
B
Which virus creates “grape-like clusters” of infected cells?
A) Adenovirus
B) Measles
C) Rabies
D) HPV
A
Which serologic test is used for detecting HIV?
A) PCR
B) ELISA
C) DFA
D) Hemagglutination
B
Which virus is commonly detected using a hemagglutination assay?
A) Influenza
B) Rotavirus
C) Rabies
D) CMV
A
Which of the following is NOT an indication for serologic testing?
A) Past infection confirmation
B) Detecting immune status
C) Identifying active viral replication
D) Viral genome sequencing
D
What test is used for confirming viral antigen presence in shell vial centrifugation?
A) ELISA
B) DFA
C) Western Blot
D) PCR
B
Which of the following is used to test for CMV in transplant patients?
A) PCR
B) Western Blot
C) Hemagglutination
D) Fluorescence Microscopy
A
Which test is used to check immune status for measles and varicella?
A) IgM detection
B) IgG detection
C) PCR
D) Hemagglutination
B
Which serologic marker suggests immunity from a past infection or vaccination?
A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgG
D) IgE
D
Which virus causes koilocyte formation in infected squamous cells?
A) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
B) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
C) Rabies virus
D) Measles virus
B
Which viral inclusions are associated with smallpox?
A) Negri bodies
B) Guarnieri bodies
C) Cowdry type A
D) Owl eye inclusions
B
Which virus produces Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells?
A) Measles virus
B) Influenza virus
C) Rabies virus
D) Herpes simplex virus
A
Which microscopy method is rarely used due to its high cost and labor intensity?
A) Bright-field microscopy
B) Fluorescence microscopy
C) Electron microscopy
D) Phase-contrast microscopy
C
What is a major disadvantage of enzyme immunoassays?
A) Too expensive
B) Low sensitivity
C) Only detects bacterial infections
D) Cannot detect antigens
B
Which virus is commonly detected from respiratory specimens using enzyme immunoassay?
A) Rotavirus
B) HIV
C) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C
Which immunoassay uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?
A) ELISA
B) Western Blot
C) Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA)
D) Hemagglutination Assay
C
Which scientist discovered PCR?
A) Robert Koch
B) Kary Mullis
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Fleming
B
What is the function of primers in PCR?
A) Denature DNA strands
B) Bind to specific DNA sequences for amplification
C) Degrade viral RNA
D) Act as a fluorescent marker
B
What is the annealing temperature in PCR?
A) 30°C
B) 45-65°C
C) 72°C
D) 95°C
b
Which type of PCR allows real-time detection of amplification?
A) Conventional PCR
B) Real-Time PCR
C) Hybridization assay
D) Branched DNA assay
B
Which virus is commonly detected using PCR-based nucleic acid detection?
A) HIV
B) Norovirus
C) Influenza
D) All of the above
D
What is the most common method of viral isolation?
A) Animal inoculation
B) Embryonated egg culture
C) Cell culture
D) Serologic testing
C
What type of virus culture is used for vaccine production?
A) Animal inoculation
B) Primary cell culture
C) Diploid cell line
D) Continuous cell line
B
Which virus is commonly grown using embryonated egg culture?
A) Rabies virus
B) Influenza virus
C) Measles virus
D) HIV
B
Which cell line is derived from African Green Monkey Kidney?
A) HeLa
B) Vero
C) A549
D) HEp-2
B
Which cell culture type has infinite passage capabilities?
A) Primary Cell Culture
B) Diploid Cell Line
C) Continuous Cell Line
D) Explant Culture
C
Which virus produces multinucleated giant cells?
A) Influenza virus
B) Measles virus
C) Norovirus
D) Rabies virus
B
Which virus produces large, rounded cells in a grape-like cluster?
A) Adenovirus
B) Herpes simplex virus
C) Measles virus
D) Influenza virus
A
Which virus is identified by hemadsorption assay?
A) Rabies
B) Influenza
C) HPV
D) HIV
B
Which test is considered confirmatory for HIV?
A) ELISA
B) Western Blot
C) PCR
D) DFA
B
What is an indicator of a past viral infection?
A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgG
D) IgE
C
Which virus is commonly tested for using hemagglutination inhibition assays?
A) Influenza
B) Measles
C) CMV
D) Rabies
A
Which serologic test is used to detect antibodies against multiple viruses at once?
A) PCR
B) Western Blot
C) ELISA
D) Flow Cytometry
C
Which virus is commonly screened for in organ transplant donors?
A) Rabies
B) HIV
C) CMV
D) HPV
C
