Virology 1 Flashcards
What does the Latin word ‘virus’ mean?
A) Small creature
B) Poisonous fluid
C) Living cell
D) Tiny bacteria
Answer: B) Poisonous fluid
Which of the following is the smallest human virus?
A) Poxvirus
B) Poliovirus
C) Parvovirus
D) Paramyxovirus
Answer: B) Poliovirus
Which virus has the largest and most complex structure?
A) Poxvirus
B) Poliovirus
C) Parvovirus
D) Rabies virus
Answer: A) Poxvirus
Viruses are incapable of replication without what?
A) A nutrient-rich medium
B) A living host
C) Exposure to oxygen
D) A water-based environment
Answer: B) A living host
Which term describes viruses that can infect only specific hosts?
A) Host variability
B) Viral tropism
C) Antigenic drift
D) Genetic shift
Answer: B) Viral tropism
Which classification system is used by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)?
A) Linnaean Classification
B) Baltimore Classification
C) ICTV Classification
D) WHO Classification
C
How many taxonomic ranks are widely used in virus classification?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
Answer: C) 5
Which is NOT a mode of viral transmission?
A) Fecal-oral route
B) Sexual contact
C) Sound waves
D) Trauma or injection
Answer: C) Sound waves
Which classification system is based on genome type and replication strategy?
A) ICTV Classification
B) Baltimore Classification
C) Linnaean Classification
D) DNA Barcoding
B
What is the protein shell that encloses the viral genome?
A) Capsid
B) Envelope
C) Glycoprotein
D) Ribosome
Answer: A) Capsid
What is the function of capsomeres?
A) Act as enzymes
B) Introduce the viral genome into host cells
C) Destroy the host cell
D) Replicate viral RNA
Answer: B) Introduce the viral genome into host cells
Which viral structure protects the nucleic acid core from external threats?
A) Nucleocapsid
B) Glycoprotein
C) Envelope
D) Capsid
D
What is the viral envelope made of?
A) Pure protein
B) Lipoprotein from the host cell
C) Viral RNA
D) DNA from bacteria
Answer: B) Lipoprotein from the host cell
Which virus is more resistant to environmental factors?
A) Enveloped viruses
B) Naked viruses
C) Retroviruses
D) DNA viruses
Answer: B) Naked viruses
What is the first step in viral replication?
A) Uncoating
B) Penetration
C) Attachment
D) Assembly
Answer: C) Attachment
Which method of penetration is used by naked viruses?
A) Direct penetration
B) Fusion method
C) Endocytosis
D) Budding
Answer: A) Direct penetration
What happens during the uncoating stage?
A) The viral genome is released
B) The virus attaches to the host cell
C) The virus assembles into new virions
D) The host cell lyses
Answer: A) The viral genome is released
Where do RNA viruses typically release their genome?
A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: B) Cytoplasm
What is the final step in viral replication?
A) Macromolecular synthesis
B) Release
C) Assembly
D) Uncoating
Answer: B) Release
Which viral attachment receptor is used by HIV?
A) ACE2
B) CD4
C) C3D
D) HA
Answer: B) CD4
What is the function of viral glycoprotein spikes?
A) Provide energy to the virus
B) Bind to host cell receptors
C) Destroy host immune cells
D) Help in viral assembly
B
What is viral tropism?
A) The ability of a virus to change its shape
B) The virus’s tendency to cause fever
C) The virus’s preference for infecting specific cells
D) The ability of a virus to move
Answer: C) The virus’s preference for infecting specific cells
Which of the following is a Class I virus in the Baltimore classification?
A) dsDNA viruses
B) ssDNA viruses
C) dsRNA viruses
D) Positive-sense ssRNA viruses
Answer: A) dsDNA viruses
Which type of viral infection spreads systemically after local infection?
A) Subclinical infection
B) Viremia
C) Self-limiting infection
D) Latent infection
B
