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IMSE (FINALS) > viral serology (HIV) > Flashcards

viral serology (HIV) Flashcards

1
Q
  • detects: IgG & IgM to HIV
  • window period: 4-12 weeks
  • immunochromatographic assays
  • can be performed on whole blood, serum, oral fluid
A

rapid tests

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2
Q

stages

  • 2-10 years after initial infection
  • a syndrome of CD4 depletion resulting in opportunistic infections and cancers suggestive of cell-mediated immunity defects
A

final stage

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3
Q

hiv genes

p16 (viral assembly and budding)

A

vpu

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4
Q

most widely used screening test for HIV antibodies

A

ELISA (indirect)

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5
Q

generations

  • detects: IgG to HIV-1
  • window period: 6-12 weeks
A

1st generation

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6
Q

p24 ag & HIV ab

A

established infection

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7
Q

HIV screening tests

A
  • ELISA
  • RAPID TEST (immunochromatographic)
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8
Q

p24 without HIV ab

A

acute infection

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9
Q

generation

  • detects: IgG to HIV-1/2
  • window period: 6-12 weeks
A

2nd generation

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10
Q

hiv genes

  • gp120 (binds to CD4 on T cells)
  • gp41 (transmembrane protein associated with gp120)
A

env

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11
Q

stages

patient is either asymptomatic or may show lymphadenopathy

A

primary stage

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12
Q

hiv genes

  • p66 (subunit of reverse transcriptase; degrades original HIV RNA)
  • p51 (subunit of reverse transcriptase)
  • p31 (integrase: mediates integration of HIV DNA into host genome)
  • p10 (protease that cleaves gag precursor)
A

pol

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13
Q

first Ab to be detected; persist throughout the infection

A

anti-gp41

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14
Q

generation

  • detects: IgG & IgM to HIV-1/2
  • window period: 3-4 weeks
A

3rd generation

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15
Q

marker

  • detecable shortly after IgM
  • gradual inccrease in titer over several months
  • long lasting
A

IgG ab

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16
Q

hiv

normal CD4:CD8 ratio (?), in AIDS patients (?)

A
  • 2:1
  • 0.5:1
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17
Q
  • detects Ab to HIV
  • sensitivity & specificity comparable to western blot
  • not frequently used
  • expensive, subjective
A

IFA

18
Q

generation

  • detects: IgG & IgM to HIV-1/2 & p24 ag
  • window period: 2 weeks
  • currently not approved for screening blood donors
A

4th generation

19
Q

marker

detecable within days of infection

A

viral RNA

20
Q

CD4 T-CELL COUNT

  • HIV infects CD4 cells
  • (?)/uL defines AIDS according to CDC
  • also used to monitor (?)
  • perform every (?) to (?) months
  • (?) is the gold standard
A
  • <200
  • therapy
  • 3, 6
  • flow cytometry
21
Q

the nine genes of HIV

A
  • gag
  • env
  • pol
  • tat
  • rev
  • nef
  • vpu
  • vpr
  • vif
22
Q

hiv genes

p19 (transports viral mRNA to the cytoplasm of the host cell)

A

rev

23
Q

when HIV replication occurs, the (?) cell is killed

A

CD4

24
Q

stages

  • this state is known as the ARC (aids-related complex)
  • quantitative T cell deficiencies with inverted CD4:CD8 ratio
A

intermediate stage

25
Q
  • detects Ab to HIV
  • traditional confirmatory test but not as sensitive as 4th-gen EIA or NAAT
  • interpretation is controversial but most labs report pos if at least 2 of the following 3 bands are present (p24, gp42, gp120/160)
  • NAAT required following neg or indeterminate results
  • time-consuming, difficult to interpret
A

western blot

26
Q

HIV CONFIRMATORY TESTS

A
  • WB
  • IFA
  • NAAT
27
Q

marker

  • usually detectable in 2-8 weeks
  • transient
  • peaks in about 1-2 weeks, undetecable about 1-2 weeks later
A

IgM ab

28
Q

marker

  • core coat for nucleic acids
  • detectable in 2-3 weeks
  • becomes undetectable as abs develop, then detectable again in late stages as immune system fails & virus replicates
A

p24 ag

29
Q

hiv

Composed of (?) genes encoding (?) structural and (?) regulatory proteins

A
  • 9
  • 3
  • 6
30
Q

hiv genes

  • p17 (inner surface of envelope)
  • p24 (core coat for nucleic acids)
  • p9 (core-binding protein)
  • p6 (bonds to genomic RNA)
A

gag

31
Q

three subtypes of HIV-1

A
  • M: clades (A,C,D,H,G,K, F1,F2,J), clade B (homosexual), clade A, C, E (asia and africa)
  • N (non-M, non-O)
  • O (outlier)
32
Q

hiv genes

p27 (enhances HIV replication)

A

nef

33
Q

hiv genes

p14 (activates transcription of HIV provirus)

A

tat

34
Q

TEST STAGE AND MONITOR HIV

A
  • viral load
  • CD4 T-CELL COUNT
35
Q

HIV-1 viral load assay

  • quantitative (?) to determine plasma HIV RNA
  • used to predict disease progression, determine when to start antiretroviral therapy, & monitor response to therapy
  • test (?) to (?) weeks after start of therapy & then every (?) to (?) months
A
  • NAAT
  • 2, 8
  • 3, 4
36
Q

window period of seronegativity (no Ab production)

A

6-8 weeks

37
Q
  • detects: HIV RNA
  • window period: 5 days
  • not cost effective in screening in most settings
  • used for screening blood donors & infants
A

nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT)

38
Q

hive genes

p23 (infectivity factor)

A

vif

39
Q
  • detecs HIV RNA
  • qualitative test used for confirmation
A

NAAT

40
Q

hiv genes

p15 (integration of HIV DNA into host genome)

A

vpr

41
Q

subtypes of HIV-2

A

subtypes A-E

42
Q

most widely used supplementary test for confirming reactive HIV ELISA Ab test

A

western blot assay

IMSE (FINALS) (8 decks)

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