Viral response Flashcards
which paper
Huber 2014
adaptive arm of the immune response is important in
limiting and clearing viral infection
humorula response
antibodies specific to virus
antibodies
capture and neutralise virus before it enters another host cell
if antibodies are ineffective
viruses are able to infect host cells- can only be cleared by cellular arm of the immune system
virus uses protein synthesis machinery of
host cell
once virus has started using host machinery to synthesise own proteins…
some of the newly mae proteins will be degraded into peptide fragments and bind to MHC I molecules
MHC I peptide complex presented to
CD8 T cell
what providee stimulation necessary for CD8 T cell
DC and CD4 T cell
during initial phase of viral infection
signify increase in number of CD8 T cell
antigen presenting cells that reside at the site of infection can…
take up viral particles from extracellular sources- present them on MHC II molecules
CD4 T cells can subsequently
be activated by recognising particle in MHC II molecles
CD4 T cells provide
cytokine sand chemokine that exert cytotoxic function
Th1 generally characterised by production of
IFN-Y and TNF-a
Th generally characterised by
production of IL-4, Il-5 and IL-13
Treg produce
IL-10 and TGF-B
Treg do what
dampen effector functions- limiting immunopatholgy
efficient ntival adaptive response is
Th1 type
virus’ can down regular Th1 response by
down regulating production of interferons
- e.g. HepB- persistent infection
most viral vaccines are based on
inducing antibody responses
- poor inducer of T cell responses
due to T cells being imrpotnant in protection against viral infections
need a T cell inducing vaccine
by including what in a vaccine
a peptide, which can be presented by MHC molecules to CD4 and CD8 T cells- T cell response generated
why is a peptide vaccine better than a classical protein vaccine
induces both CD4 and CD8 T cell response
classical protein vaccine
does not induce CD4 and CD8 response
peptide vaccine is a
synthetic, small, protein fragment
- induces T cell responses
peptide vaccine won’t alway induce
humeral response (B cell)
live attenuated vaccine (capable of replication within cell)
- induces both B and T cell response
- however risk of contamination
example of a viral adjuvant
Montanide
montanide
a strong adjuvant which causes lesions t site of infection (HPV vaccine)
before HPV vaccine implimented
montanide adjutant must be replaces
ultimate goal in viral vacation is to
protect against rapidly mutating viruses such as influenza (need for a universal vaccine that protects against multiple strains)
