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Dermatology > Viral infections of the skin > Flashcards

Viral infections of the skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What virus causes chickenpox and shingles?

A

Varicella zoser

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2
Q

When are you likely to get chickenpox?

A

Primary infection typically in childhood that stays latent in the sensory nerve roots

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3
Q

What is shingles?

A

Reactivation of latent varicella virus to form zoster

Only flares up in one dermatome

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4
Q

What is the progression of the chickenpox disease?

A

Macules to papules to vesicles to recovery
Centripetal with inflammed skin
Fever
Itch

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5
Q

When is someone with chickenpox no longer infectious/

A

When the spots have scabbed over

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6
Q

What are complications of chickenpox?

A 
Secondary bacterial infection in the skin
Pneumonitis
Haemorrhagic
Scarring, absent or minor
Encephalitis 
Purpuric haemorrhagic rash
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7
Q

Who is likely to get severe chickenpox?

A

Extremes of age (elderly and newborns)

Depressed cell mediated immunity

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8
Q

What can occur if you get chickenpox whilst pregnant?

A

Foetal varicella syndrome

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9
Q

How can a newborn get VZV?

A

If a women get chickenpox within 5 days of delivery the child can get neonatal chickenpox which has a high mortality

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10
Q

What is the progression of shingles?

A

Tingling pain to erythema and to vesicles to crusts

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11
Q

What type of pain is zoster pain?

A

Neuralgic in character

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12
Q

What is post herpetic neuralgia?

A

Pain beyone 4 weeks of the virus after the rash has cleared up

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13
Q

Who is most likely to develop post herpetic neuralgia?

A

Elderly and those with trigeminal distribution

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14
Q

What is opthalimc zoster?

A

Zoster in opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve that requires an urgent referral to an opthalmologist

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15
Q

Where is shingles likely to distribute if in children under 10 (this is very rare)?

A

Dermatomes supplied by the cervical and sacral nerves

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16
Q

Where is shingles likely to distribute in adults?

A

Lower thoracic and upper lumbar dermatomes and may involve trigeminal

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17
Q

What is ramsay hunt syndrome?

A

Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat that can cause facial palsy and irritation of the 8th cranial nerve *deafness, vertigo, tinittus)

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18
Q

What can herpes simplex virus cause?

A

Primary gingivostomatits in pre-school children

Extensive ulceration in and around mouth`

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19
Q

How would you describe herpes simplex virus?

A

Blistering rash at vermillion border that can be spread to fingers or eczema

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20
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Severe atopic eczema can inoculate herpes simplex from mouth all over the skin causing an infection over the whole skin

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21
Q

What strain of herpes simplex virus causes genital warts?

A

Herpes simplex type 1 or 2

22
Q

What strain of herpes simplex causes cold sores?

A

Type 1

23
Q

How can VZV and HSV be treated?

A

Aciclovir - structural analogue of guanosine that gets incorporated into growing viral DNA chains and terminates it

24
Q

What will erythema multiforme present as?

A

Target lesions with erythema

25
Q

What can cause erythema multiforme?

A

Herpes simplex virus

Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium

26
Q

How does molluscum contagiosum present?

A

Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules 1-2mm in diameter

27
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Pox virus

28
Q

How can molluscum be treated?

A

Liquid nitrogen

29
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

HPV

30
Q

How can warts be treated?

A

Keratolytics - topical salicyclic acid

31
Q

What strain of HPV causes genital warts?

A

Types 6 and 11

32
Q

What strains of HPV cause cervical cancer?

A

Types 16 and 18

33
Q

What strains of HPV cause warts?

A

Types 1-4

34
Q

What is herpangina?

A

A blistering rash of the back of mouth caused by enterovirus

35
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie virus

36
Q

Who is most affected by hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Typically children

37
Q

What is erythema infectiosum?

A

Caused by parvovirus B19 that causes a red cheek in children and can cause acute polyarthritis of the small joints in adults

38
Q

What are some complications of parvovirus B19?

A

Spontaenous abortion - foetal hydrops as precursor
Aplastic crises - sudden drop in haemaglobin seen in patients with thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia
Chronic anaemia - in immunosuppresed patients

39
Q

What is orf?

A

Firm fleshy nodule on hands of sheep farmers

40
Q

What is the primary infection of syphilis?

A

Chancre - painless ulcers at the site of entry

41
Q

What is the secondary phase of syphilis infection?

A

Red rash over body that is prominent on feet and palms of hands
Mucous membrane snail track ulcers

42
Q

What is the tertiary phase of syphilis infections?

A

CNS
CV
Gummatous

43
Q

What is a gumma?

A

A soft, non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis. It is a form of granuloma

44
Q

How is syphilus treated?

A

Injections of penicillin

45
Q

What is the vector for lyme disease?

A

Ticks

46
Q

What causes bacterium causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

47
Q

How does lyme disease present?

A 
Erythema migrans (bullseye, target lesions) 
Heart block, nerve palsies, arthritis
48
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

A

Doxycycline or amoxicillin

49
Q

What are the symptoms of zika virus?

A 
Mild fever
Rash (maculopapular) 
Headaches
Arthralgia
Myalgia
Non-purulent conjuctivitis
50
Q

How is zika virus spread?

A

Mosquito

51
Q

What are complications of zika virus?

A

Microcephaly of foetuses

Guillan barre

Dermatology (24 decks)

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