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Dermatology > Clinical Anatomy of venous ulceration > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of venous ulceration Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the upper limb?

A 
Axilla
Arm (brachium) 
Elbow/cubital fossa
Forearm (ante-brachium)
Wrist
Hand
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2
Q

What makes up the lower limb?

A 
Inguinal region 
Thigh
Knee/popliteal fossa
Leg
Ankle
Foot
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3
Q

Where does the subclavian pass through?

A

Passes above the 1st rib

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4
Q

What is the arterial supply to the limbs?

A 
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Deep brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Metacarpal and digital arteries
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5
Q

How many digital arteries are there per digit?

A

4

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply to the lower limbs?

A 
External iliac artery
Deep femoral artery
Femoral artery - perforating arteries 
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery 
Dosalis pedis artery
Medial and lateral plantar artery
Arcuate artery
Metatarsa and digital arteries
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7
Q

What does the brachial artery give off?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

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8
Q

What does the popliteal artery give off?

A

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

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9
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery give off?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

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10
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery give off?

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

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11
Q

What artery between the radial and ulnar is medial?

A

Ulnar is medial

Radial is lateral

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12
Q

Where does the brachial artery lie?

A

Medial biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

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13
Q

Where does the radial artery lie?

A

Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

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14
Q

Where does the femoral artery lie?

A

Inferior to the midpoint of inguinal ligament

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15
Q

Where does the popliteal artery lie?

A

In popliteal fossa

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16
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery lie?

A

Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon

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17
Q

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery lie?

A

Medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of superficial veins?

A

Small and thin
Run in superficial fascia
Highly variable
Drain into deep vein

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of deep veins?

A

Large and thick
Run deep to deep fascia
More predictable
Occur in neurovascular bundles

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20
Q

What makes up the superficial fascia?

A

Loose connective tissue and fat
Varies in depth
Superficial blood vessels, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and sweat glands

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21
Q

What makes up the deep fascia?

A 
Tough and sheet like 
Dense connective tissue
Usually white, glistening in appearance
Covers most of body deep to skin and superficial fascia 
Divides limbs into compartments
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22
Q

What is the function of the IT (Iliotibial Tract) band?

A

Keeps the lateral aspect of hip connected to the lateral aspect of the crurus

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23
Q

What is the origin of the cephalic vein?

A

Arises from the posterolateral aspect of the dorsal venous network

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24
Q

What is the origin of the basilic vein?

A

Arises from the anterolateral aspect of the dorsal venous network

25
Q

Where does the cephalic vein drain?

A

Into the axillary vein which drains into the subclavian vein at the lateral border of rib 1

26
Q

Where does the basilic vein drain into?

A

The brachial vein

27
Q

What joins the cephalic vein to the basilic vein?

A

Medial cubital vein

28
Q

What is the origin of the great saphenous vein?

A

Arises from the anteriomedial aspect of the dorsal venous arch

29
Q

What is the origin of the small saphenous vein?

A

Arises from the posterolateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch

30
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

Into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

31
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain?

A

Into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

32
Q

What is the venous drainage of the upper limb?

A 
Deep palmar venous arch 
Radial and Ulnar veins
Brachial vein
Axillary vein
Subclavian vein 
Internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein
33
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lower limb?

A 
Planter arch
Posterior and anterior tibial vein 
Fibular vein
Popliteal vein
Deep and non-deep femoral vein
External iliac 
Common iliac
IVC
SVC
34
Q

What is a vena comitantes?

A

When 3 veins surround an artery wrapped in a vascular sheath helping venous drainage

35
Q

What is the purpose of venous valves?

A

To ensure unidirectional blood flow

36
Q

What happens when there is an incompetent venous valve?

A

Results in revese flow into superficial veins leading to varicose veins

37
Q

What do varicose veins predispose to?

A

DVT and venous ulceration

38
Q

What does deep vein stasis lead to?

A

Thrombosis/ embolism

39
Q

What does superficial microcirculatory deficiencies lead to?

A

Skin ulceration

40
Q

What is the commenest site of venous ulceration?

A

Gaiter area - medial aspect of distal leg drained by the great saphenous vein

41
Q

What is a saddle embolus?

A

Blockage of the pulmonary trunk

42
Q

What is the pathway of superficial lymphatics in the upper limb?

A

Arise from plexuses in fingers and hand

Follow cephalic and baisilic veins

43
Q

Where do basilic lymphatics drain to?

A

Cubital lymph nodes which drain to lateral pectoral lymph nodes

44
Q

Where do cephalic lymphatics drain to?

A

Apical pectoral nodes

45
Q

Where do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain to?

A

Deep veins of upper limb and then drain to the lateral pectoral lymph nodes

46
Q

Where do pectoral lymph nodes drain to?

A

Subclavian lymph nodes

47
Q

Where do the superficial lymph nodes of the lower limb drain to?

A

Follow saphenous veins
Great saphenous drains to superficial inguinal nodes which drain to external iliac nodes
Small saphenous drains to popliteal nodes which drain to deep inguinal nodes which drain to external iliac nodes

48
Q

Where do the deep lymphatics of the lower limb drain to?

A

The popliteal lymph nodes which drain to the deep inguinal which drain to the external iliac

49
Q

Where do the external iliac nodes drain to?

A

Common iliac nodes which drain into the lumbar lymphatics

50
Q

What palmar arch does the radial artery form?

A

Deep palmar arch

51
Q

What palmar arch does the ulnar artery form?

A

Superficial palmar arch

Ulnar sUperficial

52
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedially: semitendinosus/ semimembranosus
Superolaterally: biceps femoris
Inferiorly: gastrocnemius

53
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Popliteal lymph nodes

54
Q

What are the ligaments of the joint capsule of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

55
Q

What joint in the foot allows for inversion and eversion?

A

Midtarsal joints

56
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Laterally: sartorius
Medially: adductor longus
Floor: iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

57
Q

What action does the radiocapitellar joint do?

A

Supination and pronation

58
Q

What action does the humeroulnar joint do?

A

Flexion and extension

Dermatology (24 decks)

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