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Dermatology > Topical skin therapeutics > Flashcards

Topical skin therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages to topical treatments?

A

Direct application

Reduced systemic effects

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages to topical treatments?

A

Time consuming
Correct dosage difficult
Messy to use

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3
Q

What are the different types of vehicles?

A 
Gels
Creams
Ointments
Pastes
Lotions
Foams
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4
Q

What is a cream?

A

Semisolid emulsion of oil in water
Contains emulsifier and preservative
High water content making it cooling and moisturising
Non-greasy and easy to apply making it cosmetically accceptable

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5
Q

What is an ointment?

A 
Semisolid grease/oil (soft paraffin) 
No preservative
Occlusive and emollient
Restric transepidermal water loss
Greasy
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6
Q

What is the downside to no presevative?

A

Can get contaminated with bacteria

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7
Q

What is a lotion?

A

Liquid formulation
Suspension or solution of medication in water, alcohol or other liquids
Alcohol may sting
Treat scalp, hair-bearing areas

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8
Q

What is a gel?

A

Thickened aqueous lotion
Semi-solid, containing high molecular weight polymers
Treat scalp, hair bearing areas, face

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9
Q

What is a paste?

A

Semisolid
Contains finely powdered material such as zinc
Stiff, greasy and difficult to apply
Protective, occlusive and hydrating
Often used in cooling, drying and soothing bandages

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10
Q

What is a foam?

A

Colloid with 2/3 phases
Usually hydrophilic liquid in continous phase with foaming agent dispersed in gaseous phase
Increased penetration of active agents
Can spread easily over large areas of skin

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11
Q

What are the different types of topical therapies?

A 
Emollients
Topical steroids
Antiinfective agents
Antipruritics
Keratolytics
Psoriasis therapies
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12
Q

What is an emollient?

A

Enhances rehydration of epidermis

For all dry/scaly conditions

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13
Q

When is wet wrap therapy used?

A

For exrotic skin

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14
Q

What is the mode of action of topical corticosteroids?

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative

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15
Q

What is a mild steroid?

A

1% hydrocortisone

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16
Q

What is a moderate steroid?

A

0.05% clobetasone butryate

17
Q

What is a potent steroid?

A

0.1% betamthasone valerate

18
Q

What is a very potent steroid?

A

0.05% clobetasol proprironate

19
Q

When are topical corticosteroids used?

A

Eczema
Psoriasis
Other non-infectiev inflammatory dermatosis
Keloid scars

20
Q

What are some side effects of steroids?

A 
Thinning of skin, purpura and stretch marks 
Steroid rosacea
Perioral dermatitis 
May worsen or mask infections 
Systemic absorrption (cushings) 
Tahcyphlaxis
Rebound flare
21
Q

When are antiseptics used?

A

Recurrent infections
Antibiotic resistance
Wound irrigation

22
Q

What are some common viruses that affect the skin?

A

Herpes simplex
Eczema herpeticum
Herpes zoster

23
Q

What is the treatment for candidia?

A

Antiyeast - nystatin or clotrimazole

24
Q

What is the treatment for dematophytes (ringworm)?

A

Antifungal - clotrimazole or terbinafine cream

25
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

A

Ketoconazole

26
Q

What are some examples antipruritics?

A

Menthol
Capsaicin
Camphor/ phenol
Crotamiton

27
Q

What is a keratolytic?

A

Used to soften keratin

28
Q

When are keratolytics used?

A

Viral warts
Hyperkeratotic eczema and psoriasis
Corns and calluses
To remove keratin plaques in scalp

29
Q

How are warts treated?

A 
Keratolytics - salicyclic acid
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Silver nitrate
Cryotherapy
Podophyllin (genital warts)
30
Q

What are some topical treatments for psoriasis?

A 
Coal tar
Vitamin D analogue
Keratolytic
Topical steroid 
Dithranol
31
Q

How is scalp psoriasis treated?

A

Greasy ointment to soften scale
Tar shampoo
Steroids in alcohol base or shampoo
Vitamin D analogues

32
Q

How is psoriasis in the axilla treated?

A

Topical steroids for face, flexures and groin/ genitals
Consider combo of antibacterial, antifunal
Calcineurin inhibitors

33
Q

What are some side effects of topical therapies?

A

Burning or irritation
Contact allergic dermatitis
Local toxicity
Systemic toxicity

Dermatology (24 decks)

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