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Pulmonology > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus.

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

A

nasopharynx

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2
Q

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?
Epstein-Barr virus, Adenovirus, Enteroviruses

A

oropharynx

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3
Q

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

Adenovirus, Herpesviruses
A

conjunctiva

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4
Q

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

Parainfluenza viruses

A

larynx-trachea

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5
Q

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

influenza, measles

A

bronchi

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6
Q

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

RSV

A

bronchioles

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7
Q

what type of genome do adenoviruses ha ve?

A

Linear, non-segmented, d/s DNA,

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8
Q

What groups are at risk for acute respiratory illness or pneumonia due to adenovirus?

A

individuals in crowded conditions - military recruits, boarding school students, etc

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9
Q

What kind of genome do coronaviruses have?

A

non segment, ss, + RNA

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10
Q

How are coronaviruses transmitted?

A

Transmitted by aerosols of respiratory secretions, growth appears to be localized in epithelium of URT

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11
Q

When is coronavirus infection most common among children?

A

winter

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12
Q

Civets, ferrets, and bats are common reservoirs for what kind of virus?

A

coronavirus

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13
Q

What is the reservoir for SARS?

A

bats and civets

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14
Q

What is SARS?

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus

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15
Q

What is MERS?

A

middle east respiratory syndrome caused by corona virus

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16
Q

What is the reservoir for MERS?

A

camels

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17
Q

Orthomyxovirus is another name for what virus?

A

influenza

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18
Q

An acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms despite the fact that the infection rarely extends beyond the respiratory tract mucosa describes what infection?

A

influenza

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19
Q

What is the orthomyxovirus (influenza) genome like?

A

ss, negative RNA with 8 segments

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20
Q

What proteins are used to categorize types of influenza?

A

protein M and NP

21
Q

What proteins are important in the pathogenesis of influenza?

A

hemagglutinin (H antigen) and Neuraminidase (N antigen)

22
Q

What does the H antigen do in influenza?

A

bind to the cell

23
Q

what does the N antigen do in influenza?

A

allows mature virus to escape the cell

24
Q

Define antigenic shift

A

When the H or N antigen for influenza changes subtypes (H1, 2 or 3 and N1 or 2)

25
Q

Define antigenic drift

A

slight changes in the H and N antigens which allow for escape from the immune system but do not change the type of antigen

26
Q

what causes epidemics and pandemics: antigenic shift or drift?

A

shift

27
Q

Who is at highest risk for complications from influenza such as pneumonia?

A

the very young, the very old, the pregnant, and persons with underlying cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and renal diseases

28
Q

Abrupt onset with fever (102°-104° F), chills, rigors, headache, congested conjunctiva, extreme prostration with myalgia in the back and limbs, and infection of the pharynx and conjunctiva. These are all symptoms of what?

A

influenza

29
Q

When do influenza fevers abate? when is complete recovery usually achieved?

A

4 days, a week

30
Q

What causes pneumonia in influenza patients?

A

typically a secondary bacterial pneumonia such as s. aureus, h. influenza, or strep pyogenes

31
Q

What is the main way you can differentiate influenza pneumonia from atypical pneumonia?

A

onset - influenza tends to be acute

32
Q

How is the flu diagnosed?

A

fluorescent antibody testing or serology

33
Q

What are two kinds of chemoprophylaxis for the flu?

A

amantadine or tamiflu **

34
Q

What 2 types of viruses are included in paramyxovirus?

A

parainfluenza and mumps

35
Q

Which of the following cause acute respiratory disease:

  1. morbilliviruses and mumps
  2. parainfluenza and RSV
A

2 - PIV and RSV

36
Q

What kind of genome do paramyxoviruses have?

A

non segmented negative RNA

37
Q

How is mumps prevented?

A

vaccination (live attenuatd)

38
Q

Among whom are mumps complications such as orchitis and meningitis common: children or adults?

A

adults

39
Q

Red, maculopapular rash and Koplik spots are indicative of what virus?

A

measles

40
Q

What is a rare but serious complication from measles?

A

subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis

41
Q

Among whom should measles vaccination be avoided?

A

pregnant individuals

42
Q

What does RSV cause?

A

LRTI in children and infants

43
Q

Where does RSV initially cause infection?

A

URT. in half of children under 8 months, it drops down into LRT and causes croup, bronchitis and pneumonia

44
Q

Croup, bronchitis and pneumonia in young children is frequently caused by what virus?

A

RSV

45
Q

Is there long term immunty against RSV?

A

nope and no vaccine

46
Q

What is an effective treatment for RSV?

A

palivixumab

47
Q

What is the main cause of the common cold?

A

rhinovirus

48
Q

What causes the symptoms of the common cold with rhinovirus infection?

A

damage to ciliated epithelium in URT

49
Q

When you are sick with a flu like illness, how long should you stay home?

A

24 hours past the time the fever is gone

Pulmonology (35 decks)

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