Acid Base Flashcards
What is acidemia
when blood has elevated H+
What is alkalemia
When blood has decreased H+
What is respiratory acidosis?
when hypoventilation causes hypercapnia
What is respiratory alkalosis?
when hyperventilation causes hypocapnia
What is metabolic acidosis?
when an acid is produced or a base is lost
What is metabolic alkalosis?
when a base is added or an acid is lost
What kind of acids/bases are counteracted by the bicarb buffer system?
metabolic acids or bases
requires ventilation and gas exchange to allow for CO2 excretion
What are extracellular examples of nonbicarb buffers?
plasma proteins, phosphate and ammonia
What are intracellular examples of nonbicarb buffers?
dibasic phosphate, proteins, and bone bicarb
Define the isohydric principle
the acid/base ratio of a buffer is determined by it’s Ka and [H+]
i.e. a change in [H+} changes ALL acid/base ratios in all buffers
What is the henderson hasselbach equation
pH = Pk + log (bicarb/0.03xPCO2)
What is the first defense to changes in pH
physical and chemical buffers
What is the second defense to changes in pH over a scale of minutes?
respiratory compensation
What is the long term solution to changes in pH?
renal excretion and or metabolism
An immediate and pronounced drop in bicarbonate and a transient increase in PaCO2 would indicate what process?
uncomplicated metabolic acidosis