Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonology > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive lancet shaped diplococci are…

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 determinants of pathogenicity for strep. pneumonia?

A

capsule
pneumolysin
peptidoglycan
teichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes alpha hemolysis in strep pneumonia?

A

pneumolysin toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is strep pneumonia spread?

A

person to person in aerosols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“rusty” colored sputum is a sign for what pneumonia cause?

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

splinting, pleuritic chest pain, and rusty colored sputum are characteristic of which cause of pneumonia?

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Empyema is a possible complication of what kind of pneumonia?

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A sputum sample is recovered with numerous gram positive cocci in pairs and chains, lots of neutrophils, and there are few epithelial cells. What is causing the pneumonia?

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which bacteria is catalase negative, optochin susceptible and bile soluble?

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment of choice for strep pneumonia?

A

penicillin (high dose) for pneumonia but not meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a strep pneumonia is resistant to penicillin, what is the next line of treatment?

A

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which quinolone has limited activity against strep pneumonia?

A

cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 strep pneumonia vaccines?

A

pneumovax 23 and prevnar 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who should get vaccinated against strep pneumonia?

A

all children between 2 and 24 months of age, individuals 65 years of age and older, and all other individuals with conditions that predisposes to pneumococcal pneumonia (asthmatics, certain cancers, asplenic patients, many chronic illnesses, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which bacteria have a club shaped, chinese letter appearance?

A

C. diptheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is diptheria infection treated?

A

horse antisera and erthromycin/penicillin G/rifampin and clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which bacteria is small, gram negative, cocoobacilli that grows aerobically and anaerobically?

A

h. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main pathogenic determinant for h. influenza?

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which types of h. influenza are most dangerous to children and why?

A

Capsulated H. influenzae primarily infects children because most adults have protective antibodies. Unencapsulated strains, however, may be isolated from adults and children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a frequent cause of otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis in children under the age of 6 and may spread from the inner ear, sinus, or lung to cause meningitis or septic arthritis.

A

h. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a life threatening complication of h. influenza?

A

epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is H. influenza grown?

A

on CHOCOLATE agar only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you treat beta lactamase negative h. influenza?

A

ampicillin, amoxicillin, or penicillin G

24
Q

In beta lactamase positive H. influenza, what is the treatment of choice?

A

cephalosporins

25
Q

What vaccine is given routinely to infants at 2 months of age to prevent serious respiratory infection?

A

Hib

26
Q

This bacteria is tiny, gram negative, coccobacillus, with pili, filamentous hemagglutinin, a toxin, and adenylate cyclase…

A

b. pertussis

27
Q

What are 3 stages of pertussis infection?

A

incubation
catarrhal
paroxysmal

28
Q

What are the 3 treatments for pertussis?

A

erythromycin, macrolides or TMP/sMX

29
Q

WHich bacteria is extracellular, has no cell wall, and is pleimorphic in shape?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

30
Q

Protein adhesin P1 is an important pathogen in what bacteria?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

31
Q

How is mycoplasma p. spread?

A

person to person via aerosols

32
Q

What is a bacterial cause of atypical pneumonia in young people?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

causes walking pneumonia

33
Q

HOw is mycoplasma pneumonia diagnosed?

A

culture or specific antibody titers

34
Q

HOw is mycoplasma pneumonia treated?

A

macrolides, tetracycline/doxycycline, and fluoroquinolones

35
Q

Why is M pneumoniae resistant to penicillin?

A

no cell wall!

36
Q

This pathogen causes an atypical CAP similar to mpneumonia.

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

37
Q

How is chlamydia pneumoniae treated?

A

erythromycin and tetracycline

38
Q

Which pathogen is associated with a high fever and extrapulmonary manifestations (e.g. n/v/HA)?

A

l. pneumophila

39
Q

How is legionnaires disease treated?

A

azithromycin or ciproflaxin

40
Q

This organism is a gram-negative, aerobic bacillus and an opportunistic pathogen. It harbors numerous virulence determinants, including pili, exotoxin A, a type III secretion system (ExoS and ExoU), and alginate.

A

P. Aeruginosa

41
Q

How is pseudomonas treated?

A

Aminoglycosides are usually used in conjunction with an agent active against bacterial cell walls, such as piperacillin, ceftazidime, or imipenem.

42
Q

Which bacterium is the leading cause of HAP and VAP>?

A

s. aureus

43
Q

this pathogen is a non fermenting, gram negative bacterium that is frequently multidrug resistant and a common cause of HAP. It has frequent carbapenem resistance.

A

acinetobacter baumanii

44
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae can cause:

  1. pharyngitis
  2. otitis media
  3. acute sinusitis
  4. epiglottitis
  5. acute bronchitis
  6. pneumonia
A

pharyngitis - Streptococcus pyogenes, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

45
Q
  1. pharyngitis
  2. otitis media
  3. acute sinusitis
  4. epiglottitis
  5. acute bronchitis
  6. pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, S. pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis

A

otitis media - Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, S. pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis

46
Q
  1. pharyngitis
  2. otitis media
  3. acute sinusitis
  4. epiglottitis
  5. acute bronchitis
  6. pneumonia

S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis

A

acute sinusitis

47
Q
  1. pharyngitis
  2. otitis media
  3. acute sinusitis
  4. epiglottitis
  5. acute bronchitis
  6. pneumonia

type B h. influenza

A

epiglottitis

48
Q
  1. pharyngitis
  2. otitis media
  3. acute sinusitis
  4. epiglottitis
  5. acute bronchitis
  6. pneumonia

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis

A

Bronchitis - S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis

49
Q
  1. CAP
  2. CA subacute or chronic pulmonary infections
  3. nosocomial pneumonia

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, mixed anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia)

A

CAP - S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, mixed anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia)

50
Q
  1. CAP
  2. CA subacute or chronic pulmonary infections
  3. nosocomial pneumonia

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia asteroides, Actinomyces israelii

A

CA subacute/chronic - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia asteroides, Actinomyces israelii

51
Q
  1. CAP
  2. CA subacute or chronic pulmonary infections
  3. nosocomial pneumonia
    Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp.), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Legionella pneumophila, mixed anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia)
A

nosocomial pneumonia - Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp.), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Legionella pneumophila, mixed anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia)

52
Q

List the different clinical manifestations of typical vs. atypical pneumonias.

A

Typical pneumonia: abrupt onset, productive cough, the absence of upper respiratory symptoms, and frequently severe.

Atypical pneumonia: gradual onset, cough without sputum, accompanied by upper respiratory symptoms, frequently occurs in younger people, usually mild disease.

53
Q

Which bacterial causes of pneumonia will not be detectable in gram-stained sputum specimens?

A

Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis

54
Q 
7.	All of the following are said to cause an atypical pneumonia EXCEPT: 
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae; 
B. Chlamydia pneumoniae; 
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae; 
D. Legionella pneumophila;
A

strep pneumonia

55
Q 
8.	Which of the following is a cause of life-threatening epiglottitis? 
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae; 
B. Haemophilus influenzae; 
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae;
D. Legionella pneumophila;
A

h. influenza

Pulmonology (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions