Viral Infections Flashcards
What does EBV stand for?
Epstein Barr virus
What does EBV present as?
Glandular fever
Can you detect the core antigen of EBV?
No
Do IgG and IgM appear separately or together?
Together
When does the IgG nuclear component of EBV present?
Late
Causative organism of slapcheek
Parovirus B19
When does the rash come in slapcheek?
When virus has settled
Consequences of a pregnant lady with slapcheek
Miscarriage
Hydrops fetalis
What is hydrops fetalis?
Foetus dies due to aplastic crisis
Tests for slapcheek in a pregnant lady
- IgG for parovirus. If +ve = immune
- IgM
- Repeat test at 4 weeks. If IgM -ve, then shouldn’t cause any problems. If IgG is +ve then problem.
Who does aplastic crisis occur in?
Predisposed RBC malformed patients e.g. sickle cell
Presentation of slap cheek in adults
Rash Arthralgia (immune reaction) Malaise Headache Aplastic crisis Chronic anaemia
When testing for varicella zoster infection, if you are IgG -ve, what does this mean?
Never had chickenpox before
What does VZV result in in pregnancy?
Foetal varicella syndrome
Px of foetal varicella syndrome
Microthalmia
Limb hypoplasia
When does the infectivity of VZV start and stop?
2 days before rash until crusting over
Who is the chickenpox vaccine contraindicated in and why?
Pregnant women
As it is a live vaccine
Who gets a vaccine for herpes zoster virus?
> 70 y/os
Feature of EBV
Haemolytic anaemia
Another name for glandular fever
Infectious mononucleosis
What are the cancers that are associated with EBV?
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Burrkits lymphoma
HIV associated CNS lymphomas
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Features of adenovirus
Fever
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Is there a vaccine against mumps? What is it called?
Yes - MMR vaccine
What kind of organism causes mumps?
RNA virus
Efficacy of MMR vaccine
80%
How is mumps spread?
Droplets
Presentation of mumps
Fever
Malaise
Myalgia
Parotitis (pain on eating, earaches - unilateral then bilateral in 70%)
Treatment of mumps
Rest
Paracetamol
Is mumps a notifiable disease?
Yes
Complication of mumps
Orchitis
Hearing loss
Meningoencephalitis
Pancreatitis
What is the common cold caused by?
Rhinovirus
Common triad of glandular fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy (anterior and posterior triangles)
Pyrexia
How long does infectious mononucleosis take to resolve?
2 - 4 weeks
Investigations of infectious mononucleosis
Heterophil antibody test (monospot test) + FBC in 2nd week to confirm diagnosis
Treatment of infectious mononucleosis
Rest Fluids No alcohol Analgesia No contact sports for 8 weeks to reduce the risk of splenic rupture
Parvovirus B19 can cause what (as a Cx)?
Red cell aplasia leading to anaemia with a low reticulocyte count
99% of patients with infectious mononucleosis who take amoxicillin develop what?
Rash
What is the commonest cause of viral encephalitis in the adult population?
HSV
What do atypical lymphocytes indicate?
Infectious mononucleosis
Renal transplant and infection is most likely caused by what?
CMV
