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Infection > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or macrolides e.g. azithromycin

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2
Q

Complications of chlamydia

A

Infertility
PID
Ectopic pregnancy

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3
Q

What % of women have GBS?

A

20%

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4
Q

Who does not get treated for GBS?

A

Non pregnant women

Early pregnancy

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5
Q

Effects of GBS on baby

A

Neonatal sepsis

Neonatal meningitis

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6
Q

Treatment of GBS

A

IV Benpen

If allergic - vancomycin or clindamycin

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7
Q

Causes of vaginal discharge

A

Thrush
Gonorrhoea
Bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

Where is Staph A normally found?

A

As a normal commensal on the skin, nose and groin

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9
Q

What can staph A normally cause infections of?

A

Skin and soft tissue infections
Infective endocarditis
Prosthetic limb infections

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10
Q

What is MRSA?

A

When staph A is resistant to flucloxacillin

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11
Q

What does Staph A produce

A

Penicillinase

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12
Q

What is used to assess the severity of pneumonia?

A

CURB65

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13
Q

Treatment of community acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Test for legionella

A

Antigen in the urine

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15
Q

What are the most common contaminants of blood cultures?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coag -ve staphs

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16
Q

What condition/infection can strep oralis cause?

A

IE

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17
Q

What does IE stand for?

A

Infective endocarditis

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18
Q

What can EColi 0157 result in?

A

HUS

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19
Q

Causes of gastroenteritis

A

Campylobacter
Shigella
Ecoli 0157
Salmonella

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20
Q

Causative organism of pneumonia following influenzas

A

Staph Areus

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21
Q

Causative organism of community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia EE

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22
Q

Treatment of lower urinary tract infection

A

Trimethoprim

Nitrofurantoin

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23
Q

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad spec cephalosporin or quinolone

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24
Q

Treatment of dental abscess

A

Amoxicillin

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25
Q

Treatment of cellulitis near the nose / eyes

A

Co amoxiclav

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26
Q

Feature of legionella pneumophilia

A

Deranged LFTs

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27
Q

1st line Tx for severe otitis external

A

Flucloxacillin

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28
Q

Treatment of cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin

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29
Q

Causative organism of exacerbation of bronchiectasis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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30
Q

Treatment of infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

A

Amoxicillin OR
Tetracycline OR
Clarity romp in

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31
Q

What kind of bacteria is neiserria meningitis?

A

Gram -ve cocci

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32
Q

Treatment of throat infections requiring Ax

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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33
Q

Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia which presents within 5 days of admission

A

Co amoxiclav or cefuroxamine

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34
Q

Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia after 5 days

A

Piperacillin and tazobactam OR
Broad spec cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazime) OR
Quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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35
Q

Treatment of acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone or trimethoprim

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36
Q

Treatment of animal or human bite

A

Co amoxiclav

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37
Q

Treatment of mastitis due to breastfeeding

A

Flucloxacillin

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38
Q

Treatment of sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

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39
Q

Treatment of otitis media

A

Amoxicillin

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40
Q

What kind of bacteria are staph, strep and enterococcus?

A

Gram +ve cocci

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41
Q

Association of mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Haemolytic anaemia

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42
Q

Treatment of pneumoniae caused by atypical pathogens

A

Clarithromycin

43
Q

Who is Kleibsiella pneumonia typically seen in?

A

Alcoholics

44
Q

Presentation of pneumococcal pneumoniae

A

Rapid onset
High fever
Pleuritic chest pain
Herpes labialise

45
Q

What lymphadenopathy can be seen in rubella?

A

Suboccipital and post auricular lymphadenopathy

46
Q

What may occur before campylobacter infection?

A

Flu like prodrome

47
Q

What may a campylobacter infection mimic?

A

Appendicitis

48
Q

Treatment of bacterial vagi no’s is

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

49
Q

What type of syphillis would a painless ulcer indicate?

A

Primary

50
Q

Treatment of non gonococcal urethritis

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

51
Q

What type of syphillis does an ascending aortic aneurysm indicate?

A

Tertiary

52
Q

Treatment of syphillis

A

Benpen

53
Q

Complication of Lyme disease of the heart

A

Heart block

54
Q

What causes diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

55
Q

Presentation of diptheria

A 
Diptheric membrane on tonsils 
Necrosis of myocardial, neural and renal tissue
Sore throat 
Bulky cervical lymphadenopathy 
Neuritis e.g. CNS 
Heart block
56
Q

What may be present in the history to point towards diptheria?

A

Recent visitations to Eastern Europe / Russia / Asia

57
Q

Features of congenital syphillis

A

Blunted upper incisor teeth (Hutchison’s teeth), mulberry molars
Rhagades (linear scars at angels of mouth)
Keratitis
Sabers shins
Saddle nose
Deafness

58
Q

Treatment of early Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

59
Q

Treatment of trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

60
Q

Another name for slap cheek

A

Erythema infectious

61
Q

Causative organism for Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

62
Q

Test for Lyme disease

A

ELISA Abs to borrelia burgdorferi

63
Q

What does LGV stand for?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

64
Q

What causes LGV?

A

Chlamydia trochamitis

65
Q

Stags of LGV

A
  1. Small painless pustule which later forms an ulcer
  2. Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
  3. Proctocolitis
66
Q

Treatment of LGV

A

Doxycycline

67
Q

What does PJP stain with?

A

Silver stain

68
Q

S/Es of amphotericin b

A

Nephrotoxicity

69
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

An overgrowth of predominately anaerobic organisms such as Gardnerella vaginallis
Results in decreased lactic acid production producing aerobic lactobacilli resulting in increased vaginal pH

70
Q

Who is bacterial vaginosis seen in?

A

Sexually active women

71
Q

Presentation of bacterial vaginosis

A

Discharge - fishy, offensive

Asymptomatic in 50%

72
Q

Amsels criteria for bacterial vaginosis

A
  1. Thin white homogenous discharge
  2. Clue cells on microscopy (stippled vaginal epithelial cells)
  3. Vaginal pH > 4.5
  4. +ve whiff test
73
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginsosis

A

Oral metronidazole 5 - 7 days

74
Q

Relapse rate for BV

A

> 50% within 3 months

75
Q

Risks of BV in pregnancy

A

Increased risk of preterm labour, low birth weight, chorioamniotis, late miscarriage

76
Q

Treatment of PID

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole + IM ceftrixazone
OR
Oral doxycycline and oral metronidazole

77
Q

What kind of infection is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

STI caused by a parasite

78
Q

Presentation of TV

A

Vaginal discharge - offensive, yellow, green, frothy
Vulvovaginitis
Strawberry cervix
Ph > 4.5
Asymptomatic in men but can cause urethritis

79
Q

Investigation for tv

A

Microscopy of wet mount - motile trophozoites

80
Q

Treatment of TV

A

Metronidazole 5-7 days or one off dose metronidazole 2g

81
Q

What causes cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

82
Q

Causative organism of Chagas’ disease

A

Trypanosome cruzi

83
Q

Presentation of Chagas’ disease

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megaoesophagus
Mega colon

84
Q

Pathology of gas gangrene

A

Life threatening bacterial infection causing gangrene that can cause muscle necrosis, sepsis, gas production and death

85
Q

Causative organism of gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringes

86
Q

Causes of gas gangrene

A

Traumatic / surgical inoculation of a wound with bacteria

Sponataneous often seen in immunosuppressive

87
Q

Presentation of gas gangrene

A

Pain
Then systemic features (fever, dehydration)
Progressing to skin changes - often blisters which can burst producing foul smelling discharge
Often creptitus can be heard on movement

88
Q

What is mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Atypical pneumoniae that typically occurs in younger patients

89
Q

Presentation of mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Prolonged and gradual onset
Flu like symptom preceding a dry cough
Bilateral consolidation on X-RAY

90
Q

Investigations of mycoplasma pnunemoniae

A

Mycoplasma serology

+ve cold agglutination test

91
Q

Complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae

A 
Erythema multiforme 
Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Meningoencephalitis 
Guillian barre syndrome
Bulbous myringitis 
Pericarditis/myocarditis
Hepatitis
Pancreatitis
Acute GN
92
Q

Treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Doxycycline or macrolide e.g. (erythromycin / clarithromycin)

93
Q

Treatment of legionella

A

Clarithromycin

94
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

Nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine for the skin

95
Q

What is leprosy?

A

Granulomatous disease primarily affecting the peripheral nerves and skin

96
Q

Causative organism of leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

97
Q

Presentation of leprosy

A

Patches of hypopigmented skin typically affecting buttocks, face and extensor surfaces of limbs

98
Q

What determines what type of leprosy a patient will develop?

A

The degree of cell mediated immunity

99
Q

Treatment of leprosy

A

3x therapy; Rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine

100
Q

Investigation for both chlamydia and gonorrhoea

A

NAATs

101
Q

Treatment for atypical pneumonia

A

Clarithromycin

102
Q

Very common organism causing LRTI in CF patients

A

Pseudomonas aeurginosa

103
Q

What can mycoplasma cause?

A

Immune mediated neurological diseases

Infection (16 decks)

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