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Bees > Viral infections > Flashcards

Viral infections Flashcards

1
Q

main causes of honeybee colony loss

A

parasite varroa

pesticides

food shortage due to wildflower loss

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2
Q

can viral infections be asymptomatic

A

yes

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3
Q

what can viruses affect

A

eggs

larvae

pupae

adults

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4
Q

the way an infection can spread

A

horizontally or vertically

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5
Q

predisposing factors leading to viral infections

A

crowded population

stressful eg due to varroa mite infestation

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6
Q

main cause of honeybee loss

A

Parasite Varroa
Pesticides
Food shortage in form of wildflower loss

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7
Q

rna viruses

A

Dicistroviridae
Iflaviridae:

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8
Q

dna viruses

A

Apis mellifera filamentous virus

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9
Q

what is dicistroviridae known by

A

acute bee paralysis

israeli acute paralysis

kashmir bee virus

black queen cell

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10
Q

what is iflaviridae known by

A

deformed wing virus

kakugo virus

varroa destructor virus 1

sacbrood virus

slow bee paralysis virus

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11
Q

taxonomically unclassified viruses

A

chronic bee paralysis

lake sinai viruses

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12
Q

which virus was first detected in hungary

A

acute bee paralysis

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13
Q

which bees does ABPV mainly affect

A

worker bees

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14
Q

how does ABPV infect

A

via salivary glands of infected bees

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15
Q

what is the vector of ABPV

A

varroa destructor

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16
Q

symptoms of ABPV

A

no symptoms or trembling, paralysis of wings and bodies with 2-4 days and death 1-2 days later

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17
Q

larvae of bees infected with ABPV

A

if fed sufficiently with virus will die before sealed in their cells

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18
Q

chronic bee paralysis affects

A

workers and pupae

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19
Q

infection by CPV

A

via mouth/pore in cuticle left by broken hairs

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20
Q

when does CPV kill bees the quickest

A

at higher temperature of over 30 degrees

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21
Q

type 1 paralysis symptoms of CPV

A

aka isle of wight disease

trembling motion of wings and body

bloated abdomens

dysentery

22
Q

type 2 paralysis symptoms of CPV

A

black robbers or little blacks

guard bees prevent their return to colony like robber bees

23
Q

what are the symptoms of israeli acute paralysis virus

A

bees wings shiver

causing paralysis

found dead outside hives

24
Q

what is israeli acute paralysis the best indicator of

A

colony collapse 96.1% correlation

25
Q

which bees are seemingly unaffected by the sacbrood virus

A

drones are seemingly unaffected

26
Q

which bees are most susceptible to SBV

A

larvae of about 2 days old but older are most susceptible

27
Q

symptoms of SBV

A

larva lay along the base of the cell in a banana or gondola shape

28
Q

why do larvae die in SBV

A

unable to shed their last larval skin and fail to pupate due to fluid accumulation

29
Q

colour change of larvae affected with SBV

A

from pearly white to pale yellow then darkens around head and thoracic region when the larvae die

30
Q

infected bees with SBV

A

will fly and forage much earlier in life than usual but fail to collect pollen as the hypopharyngeal glands degenerate

31
Q

what bees does the deformed wing virus affect

A

workers as well as in brood

32
Q

vector if deformed wing virus

A

varroa destructor

33
Q

symptoms of DWV

A

deformed or poorly developed shrunken wings, decreased body size and discolouration in adult bees

34
Q

which bees does the cloudy wing virus affect

A

mainly in workers

35
Q

symptoms of cloudy wing virus

A

marked loos of transparency of the wings

36
Q

which bees does the kashmir bee virus affect

A

mainly workers and larvar

37
Q

mortality of KBV

A

within 3 days

38
Q

symptoms of KBV

A

resembling an infection with american foulbrood or european foulbrood

39
Q

which bees does the black queen cell virus affect

A

adult bees

praepupae

40
Q

what is the BQCV associated with

A

nosema sp.

41
Q

symptoms of the BQCV

A

dark brown or black queen cells containing dead pupae or prepupae

42
Q

the only DNA virus we know

A

filamentous

43
Q

symptoms of filamentous virus

A

haemolymph becomes milky white

44
Q

characteristics pf chronic bee paralysis associate

A

satellite of CBPV - not unrelated serologically

more evident in queens than in workers

45
Q

bee virus X characteristics

A

related to virus Y

occurs in adults

special association to malphighamoeba mellificae

46
Q

slow paralysis virus characteristics

A

paralysis of the anterior two pairs of legs for a day or two before death

47
Q

apis iridescent virus characteristics

A

multiplies in fat body alimentary tract hypopharyngeal glands and ovaries
only found in north india and kashmir

48
Q

characteristics of arkansas bee virus

A

individuals die after about day 14 but shoe no sign of disease
only found in US

49
Q

how do you diagnose viral infections

A

pcr

50
Q

Treatment of viral infections

A

no known

51
Q

control of viral infections

A

regular brood comb replacements

regular queen bee replacements

not breeding from stock demonstrating any signs

minimizing nutritional stress

minimise levels of nosema/ varroa

Bees (13 decks)

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