Viral infections

Question 1

main causes of honeybee colony loss

Answer 1

parasite varroa

pesticides

food shortage due to wildflower loss

Question 2

can viral infections be asymptomatic

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what can viruses affect

Answer 3

eggs

larvae

pupae

adults

Question 4

the way an infection can spread

Answer 4

horizontally or vertically

Question 5

predisposing factors leading to viral infections

Answer 5

crowded population

stressful eg due to varroa mite infestation

Question 6

main cause of honeybee loss

Answer 6

Parasite Varroa
Pesticides
Food shortage in form of wildflower loss

Question 7

rna viruses

Answer 7

Dicistroviridae
Iflaviridae:

Question 8

dna viruses

Answer 8

Apis mellifera filamentous virus

Question 9

what is dicistroviridae known by

Answer 9

acute bee paralysis

israeli acute paralysis

kashmir bee virus

black queen cell

Question 10

what is iflaviridae known by

Answer 10

deformed wing virus

kakugo virus

varroa destructor virus 1

sacbrood virus

slow bee paralysis virus

Question 11

taxonomically unclassified viruses

Answer 11

chronic bee paralysis

lake sinai viruses

Question 12

which virus was first detected in hungary

Answer 12

acute bee paralysis

Question 13

which bees does ABPV mainly affect

Answer 13

worker bees

Question 14

how does ABPV infect

Answer 14

via salivary glands of infected bees

Question 15

what is the vector of ABPV

Answer 15

varroa destructor

Question 16

symptoms of ABPV

Answer 16

no symptoms or trembling, paralysis of wings and bodies with 2-4 days and death 1-2 days later

Question 17

larvae of bees infected with ABPV

Answer 17

if fed sufficiently with virus will die before sealed in their cells

Question 18

chronic bee paralysis affects

Answer 18

workers and pupae

Question 19

infection by CPV

Answer 19

via mouth/pore in cuticle left by broken hairs

Question 20

when does CPV kill bees the quickest

Answer 20

at higher temperature of over 30 degrees

Question 21

type 1 paralysis symptoms of CPV

Answer 21

aka isle of wight disease

trembling motion of wings and body

bloated abdomens

dysentery

Question 22

type 2 paralysis symptoms of CPV

Answer 22

black robbers or little blacks

guard bees prevent their return to colony like robber bees

Question 23

what are the symptoms of israeli acute paralysis virus

Answer 23

bees wings shiver

causing paralysis

found dead outside hives

Question 24

what is israeli acute paralysis the best indicator of

Answer 24

colony collapse 96.1% correlation

Question 25

which bees are seemingly unaffected by the sacbrood virus

Answer 25

drones are seemingly unaffected

Question 26

which bees are most susceptible to SBV

Answer 26

larvae of about 2 days old but older are most susceptible

Question 27

symptoms of SBV

Answer 27

larva lay along the base of the cell in a banana or gondola shape

Question 28

why do larvae die in SBV

Answer 28

unable to shed their last larval skin and fail to pupate due to fluid accumulation

Question 29

colour change of larvae affected with SBV

Answer 29

from pearly white to pale yellow then darkens around head and thoracic region when the larvae die

Question 30

infected bees with SBV

Answer 30

will fly and forage much earlier in life than usual but fail to collect pollen as the hypopharyngeal glands degenerate

Question 31

what bees does the deformed wing virus affect

Answer 31

workers as well as in brood

Question 32

vector if deformed wing virus

Answer 32

varroa destructor

Question 33

symptoms of DWV

Answer 33

deformed or poorly developed shrunken wings, decreased body size and discolouration in adult bees

Question 34

which bees does the cloudy wing virus affect

Answer 34

mainly in workers

Question 35

symptoms of cloudy wing virus

Answer 35

marked loos of transparency of the wings

Question 36

which bees does the kashmir bee virus affect

Answer 36

mainly workers and larvar

Question 37

mortality of KBV

Answer 37

within 3 days

Question 38

symptoms of KBV

Answer 38

resembling an infection with american foulbrood or european foulbrood

Question 39

which bees does the black queen cell virus affect

Answer 39

adult bees praepupae

Question 40

what is the BQCV associated with

Answer 40

nosema sp.

Question 41

symptoms of the BQCV

Answer 41

dark brown or black queen cells containing dead pupae or prepupae

Question 42

the only DNA virus we know

Answer 42

filamentous

Question 43

symptoms of filamentous virus

Answer 43

haemolymph becomes milky white

Question 44

characteristics pf chronic bee paralysis associate

Answer 44

satellite of CBPV - not unrelated serologically more evident in queens than in workers

Question 45

bee virus X characteristics

Answer 45

related to virus Y occurs in adults special association to malphighamoeba mellificae

Question 46

slow paralysis virus characteristics

Answer 46

paralysis of the anterior two pairs of legs for a day or two before death

Question 47

apis iridescent virus characteristics

Answer 47

multiplies in fat body alimentary tract hypopharyngeal glands and ovaries only found in north india and kashmir

Question 48

characteristics of arkansas bee virus

Answer 48

individuals die after about day 14 but shoe no sign of disease only found in US

Question 49

how do you diagnose viral infections

Answer 49

pcr

Question 50

Treatment of viral infections

Answer 50

no known

Question 51

control of viral infections

Answer 51

regular brood comb replacements regular queen bee replacements not breeding from stock demonstrating any signs minimizing nutritional stress minimise levels of nosema/ varroa