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Bees > Malpighamobosis. Mite infection > Flashcards

Malpighamobosis. Mite infection Flashcards

1
Q

what bees does acarapiosis apium affect

A

adult honey bees

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2
Q

what is AA caused by

A

acarapis woodi - tracheal mite

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3
Q

female mites of AA

A

transfer to young bees which are less than 4 days old especially bees less than 24hrs old

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4
Q

what does AA infest

A

mainly first pair of thoracic spiracles

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5
Q

life cycle of AA

A

incomplete metamorphosis

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6
Q

when is AA not spread

A

during winter or via honey comb or flowers

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7
Q

when do females of AA lay eggs

A

after 3-4 days

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8
Q

when does the first male of AA appear

A

11-12 days

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9
Q

when do females of AA leave the trachea

A

after mating

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10
Q

symptoms of AA

A

wings are disjointed aka K wing

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11
Q

diagnosis of AA

A

detect mites in trachea - trachea will be stained dark

ELISA to confirm

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12
Q

treatment of AA

A

menthol vapour

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13
Q

one of the most serious parasites of bees

A

varrosis - devastating for apis mellifera

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14
Q

most widespread type of varroosis

A

korean haplotype

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15
Q

adult males of varroosis

A

never found outside brood cells - male develops first breeds and dies

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16
Q

what is the varroosis mite a vector of

A

mite virus syndrome

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17
Q

what bees does varroosis affect

A

adult bees by piercing the thin abdominal intersegment membrane

18
Q

life cycle of varroa mite

A

incomplete metamorphosis

19
Q

where do varroa mites breed

A

in capped cells only

20
Q

when do adult females of varroa invade cells

A

invade cells of workers and drone brood just prior to cell capping - 11.6 times more likely to infect drone cells

21
Q

how many varroa mites can develop from one cell

A

usually 2 but in drone cells up to 4 mites

22
Q

diagnosis of varroa

A

shake dead bees in liquid with a rotaru shaker for 30 minutes with different liquids

23
Q

treatment of varroae

A

drugs with akaricid effects
e.g. amitraz, brom proilat, cymazol, coumaphos, fluvalinat, flumethrin, akirinatrin

24
Q

other forms of treatment for varroa

A

natural substances like formic or oxalic acid and essential oils with thymol

25
Q

pathogen of asian mites

A

tropilaelaps clareae and mercedesae

notifiable to OIE

26
Q

reproduction of TC

A

in sealed brood cells

27
Q

characteristics of nosemosis

A

in adult bees affecting queen workers and drones

new infection doesnt affect larvae

28
Q

nosema apid, ceranae type of pathogen

A

obligate IC pathogen

29
Q

infective stage of nosema

A

spores - 30-50 millions spores per bees

30
Q

spores of nosema resistance

A

very resistant to environmental degradation and retain viability for over a year

31
Q

pathogenesis of nosema

A

young nurse workers ingest spores - spores enter posterior part of ventriculus and mid gut, multiply in cytoplasm asexually

spores form after 5 days at 30 degrees and shed in feces of bees

32
Q

Nosema apis seasonality

A

in autumn and winter colder climates when brood amount decreases

33
Q

signs of nosema apis

A

abdomen will be swollen and dysentery signs present

34
Q

seriously affected worker bees of nosema apis

A

wont be flying but may crawl

trembling

shorter lifespan

35
Q

feces of bees infected with nosema apis

A

feces on combs during winter will be dark and scaly in cells

36
Q

queens infected with nosema apis

A

stop egg laying and die within 1-2 weeks

37
Q

workers infected with nosema apis

A

start forage sooner

38
Q

decline of nosema apis

A

spontaneous in summer

39
Q

nosema ceranae similarity to apis

A

not similar to apis - no signs of crawling or dysentery, will have no specific symptoms

40
Q

diagnosis of nosema ceranae

A

microscopic exam - methylene blue stain

41
Q

signs of n.ceranae in heavily infected bees

A

white ventriculus, will be soft and swollen obscuring the constrictions

42
Q

chemotherapeutic method of n.ceranae

fumagillin 25g/ liter of sugar syrup - better during stress like winter/rainy seasons

disinfect heavily infected colonies

A

Bees (13 decks)

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