Morphology and life cycle of the honeybee Flashcards
queen genitals
set of ovaries
spermatheca - stores sperm after mating
stinger of queen
non barbed
glands of queen
no glands to produce beeswax
how many eggs can a queen lay per day
nearly 2000 eggs per day
what is the queens substance
pheromones that regulate behaviour of workers and helps swarms track queen’s location
queens life expectancy
up to 5yrs (2-3 on average)
sex of drone bees
male
morphology of drone bees
Larger and stouter than workers
large distinctives eyes that meet on the top of the
head
the mouth parts are generally reduced
no stinger
how do drones develop
from unfertilised egg therefore only 1 set of chromosomes
function of drone bees
mate with virgin queen then die
what sex are worker bees
female but not fertile
2 sets of chromosomes
morphology of worker bees
Smaller than the queen and drones
they are about 15 mm in length
pollen basket,
abdominal glands produce beewax
brood-feeding glands (royal jelly),
barbs on the sting
tasks of worker bees
day 1-3
cleaning of cells
tasks of worker bees
day 3-6
feeding older larvae
tasks of worker bees
day 7-11
: feeding younger larvae
tasks of worker bees
day 12-17
comb construction from wax
tasks of worker bees
day 18-21
gardening defending functions
tasks of worker bees
from day 22
foraging for pollen and nectar
who defends the hive
workers
who maintains optimal hive conditions
workers
worker life expectancy
4-6 weeks in the summer
4-5 months in the winter
how many eyes do drones have
9500
how many eyes do other bees have
4500
vision of bees
UV yes
red no
in which bees are proboscis the longest
workers
how many pairs of wings do they have
2 pairs
mandible of drones
rudimentary
tasting of bees
no bitter
the honey crop
stores nectar without digesting it
proventriculus
AKA muscular valve
closed to prevent nectar from passing into stomach
the true stomach
AKA ventriculus
primary digestion site for pollen and nectar - twice the length of the bees body and is curled
the hindgut
composed of intestines and rectum
how many segments of digestive tube
7
1. pharynx - oesophagus
2. crop (honey vesicule)
3. valvula cardica
4. stomach
5. mid gut
6. hindgut
7. rectum
how many spiracles do bees have
3 pairs
how many chambers does a bee have in the heart
5 chambers plus an aorta
how many legs do bees have
3 pairs with appendices
how many legs do bees have
3 pairs with appendices
appendices of legs of bees
antenna cleaner
claws
adhesion discs
pollen busket
pollen press
what is pollen basket
is made of long stiff hairs that curve around a wide
flattened section of the honeybee´s back leg
what is pollen press
is located just below the pollen basket on the hind legs
what is involved in the excretion system
malphigian bodies (150)
number of spiracles of trachea
10pairs
do bees have blood coagulation
no
composition of haemolymph
haemocytes, leucocytes, oenocytes
composition of nervous system
- Cerebrum and oesophageal neuron
- ventral nerve cord, 7 ganglia
what kind of glands do larvae have
only labial/spinning glands so no hypopharyngeal glands
in which bees can you find hypopharyngeal glands
only in workers - most active in young bees to make royal jelly
what gland does the queen have
queen mandibular gland which
- produces queen products
- inhibit the development of worker ovaries
- attract drones
- stimulate foraging the brood rearing
purpose of rectal glands
regulation of water content of feces
what are nasonov/odour glands
signals location used by guard bees
homing phermone
Dufour gland
only in females
Wax glands
located on
Located on sternites 4, 5, 6 and 7
what is honeybees venom known as
apitoxin
what is the alarm pheromone
koschevnikov gland - released when a bee stings another animal to attract the other bees to the location
drone mandicular pheromone
attracts other flying drones to suitable site for mating with virgin queens
what is dufours gland pheromone
allows worker bees to distinguish b/w eggs laid by the queen
what is footprint pheromone
left by bees when they walk
what is forager pheromone
released by older forager bees to slow maturing of nurse bee
what is nasonov pheromone
emitted by works used for orientation and recruitment
what is ovipositor
a stinger
on end of females abdomen
life cycle of a bee
holometamorphosis
what do diploid eggs become
queens or workers
when do drones and queens mate
in flight
when are sprematozoa released
to fertilize each mature eggs just before it is laid or
not
6 phases of worker bee
- Embryo develops for 3 days in the egg
- Larva hatches from egg - 5 larval stages
- fully grown larva spins a coccoon
- propupae
- Pupa,
- adult emerges from its cell
how long does it take for a queen to mature
16days
how long does it take for a worker to mature
21 days
how long does it take for a drone to mature
24days
