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Microbiology > Viral Haemorragic Fevers > Flashcards

Viral Haemorragic Fevers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a viral hemorrhagic fever❓

A
  • Group of illnesses caused by distinct families of viruses
  • Severe multisystem syndrome
  • Damage to overall vascular system
  • Symptoms are accompanied by haemorrhage ie petechiae, echymosis
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2
Q

VHF viruses are members of 4 distinct families.

List them

A

Arenaviruses
Filoviruses
Bunyaviruses
Flaviviruses

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3
Q

The viruses of VHF have something in common.

A

RNA viruses enveloped in lipid coating

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4
Q

List the viruses under the arenaviridae family

A

Lassa (Nigeria, Africa)

Junin (Argentina, South America)

Machupo (Bolivia, South America)

Sabia (South America)
Guanarito

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5
Q

List the viruses under the bunyaviridae family

A

Hantavirus
Rift Valley fever
Crimean-Congo HF

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6
Q

List the viruses under the filoviridae family

A

Ebola

Marburg

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7
Q

List the viruses under the flaviviridae family

A

Yellow fever
Dengue
Omsk HF
Kyasanur Forest disease

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8
Q

The arenaviridae was first isolated in❓

A

1933

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9
Q

Lassa virus was first discovered in Nigeria in what year❓

A

1969

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10
Q

What was the first virus to cause VHF

A

Junin virus in Argentina

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11
Q

Arenaviridae transmission and amplification occurs in❓

How❓

A

Rodents

The virus is shed through urine or faeces 
⬇️
Human infection with contact of excreta 
OR 
Human to human transmission
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12
Q

Case fatality of VHF of the arenaviridae family❓

A

5-35%

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13
Q

What is the incubation period of arenaviridae in humans❓

A

10-14days

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14
Q

It takes 3-5days to observe a fever/malaise caused by VHF of arenaviridae

True or false❓

A

False

2-4days

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15
Q

What signs are typical of a VHF of the arenaviridae family❓

A

Hemorrhage
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Neurologic signs

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16
Q

The Rift Valley Fever of the bunyaviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1930

Egypt, Africa
Arabian Peninsula

1% fatality rate

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17
Q

The Crimean-Congo HF of the bunyaviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1940s

Crimean Peninsula, Eastern Europe
Africa
Asia

30% fatality rate

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18
Q

The Hantavirus of the bunyaviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1951

Korea, Eastern Asia
Eastern Europe
North and South America

1-50% fatality rate

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19
Q

All viruses of the bunyaviridae family that cause VHF are transmitted by❓

Be specific.

A

Arthopods, except Hantavirus

RVF- Aedes mosquito
CCHF- Ixodid Rick
Hantavirus-Rodents

Less common

  • Aerosol
  • Exposure to infected animal tissue
20
Q

What’s the incubation period of RVF❓

A

2-5days

21
Q

What’s the incubation period of CCHF❓

When does the hemorrhagic fever begin❓

A

3-7days

3-6 days following clinical signs

22
Q

What’s the incubation period of Hantavirus ❓

A

7-21 days

23
Q

Bunyaviridae viruses do not infect livestock except in❓

A

RVF

24
Q

The Marburg virus of the filoviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1967

Europe
Africa

23-33%

25
Q

The Ebolavirus of the filoviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1976

Sudan, Africa
Zaire, Africa
Côte d’Ivoire, Africa

50-90%

26
Q

The Ebola-Reston virus of the filoviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

A

1989, 1992

USA
Italy
Philippines

27
Q

The reservoir of the filoviridae family is unknown

True or false

A

True

Bats are implicated with Marburg and Ebola

28
Q

How are viruses of the filoviridae family transmitted❓

A

Reuse of needles and syringes

Exposure to infections tissues, excretions and hospital wastes

Aerosol transmission ie primates

29
Q

The most severe hemorrhagic fevers are of the ❓ family

What’s the incubation period❓

A

Filoviridae

2-21days

30
Q

VHF caused by viruses of the filoviridae family will cause death in❓

What are the symptoms❓

A

7-11days

Fever
Chills
Malaise
Myalgia 
Hemorrhage 
DIC
31
Q

Ebola Reston has a high primate mortality

True or false

A

True

32
Q

The YellowFever virus of the flaviviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1648

Africa
America

Fatality varies

33
Q

The Dengue virus of the flaviviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1943

Asia
Africa
Australia
America

1-10%

34
Q

The Omsk HF virus of the flaviviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1947

Europe

0.5-3%

35
Q

The Kyasanur Forest virus of the flaviviridae family was 1st discovered in what year❓

In which location❓

What is it’s fatality rate❓

A

1957

India

3-5%

36
Q

The transmission of flaviviridae viruses occurs through❓

A

Arthropod vectors

Yellow fever and Dengue viruses
-Aedes aegypti

Kasanur Forest virus
-Ixodid tick

Omsk KF
-Muskrat urine, faeces or blood

37
Q

Yellow fever has an incubation period of how many days❓

Dengue HF has an incubation period of how many days❓

A

3-6days

2-5days

38
Q

What are the general clinical symptoms of VHFs❓

A 
Marked fever 
Fatigue
Dizziness 
Muscles ache 
Exhaustion 
Bleeding under skin- petechiae, echymoses, conjunctivitis 
Bleeding in internal organs 
Bleeding from orifices
39
Q

In VHFs, blood loss is rarely the cause of death

True or false

A

True

40
Q

How would you investigate a possible case of a VHF❓

A 
Serology
PCR
IHC
Viral isolation 
Electron microscopy
41
Q

How would you treat a possible case of a VHF❓

A

Ribavirin for arenaviridae and bunyaviridae (not approved by FDA)

Strict isolation

42
Q

Vaccine is available for yellow fever

True or false

A

True

43
Q

Anyone suspected of having a VHF must use a chemical toilet

True or false

A

True

44
Q

How would you disinfect and dispose of instruments used on a patient with VHF❓

A
  1. 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite

1: 10 dilution of bleach

45
Q

Rift Valley is the least stable VHF in liquid or frozen state

True or false

A

False.

The most stable

Microbiology (11 decks)

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