Hospital Acquired Infections Flashcards
What are hospital acquired infections❓
Infections developing in pt after admission to the hospital which was not present nor in the incubation period at the time of hospitalization
The sources of HAI could be endogenous or exogenous.
Briefly expand on this
Endogenous:
-Invasion of pt own flora during surgical operations
Exogenous:
-From another pt/staff or environment
What are the modes of transmission of hospital acquired infections❓
- By contact with:
Hands/Clothing
Inanimate objects/non-disinfected instruments - Airborne:
Droplets
Dusts
Aerosols - Oral route
- Parenteral Route:
Syringes/needles
Give an example of bacteria that can spread via:
- Hands/clothing
- Non-disinfected instruments
- Droplets/dust
- Aerosols
- Parenteral route
- Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyrogenes
2.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus - Legionella pneumonia
- Hepatitis B
HIV
- Urinary Tract Infections are the most common HAI, True or false ❓
- How are the transmitted❓
- List some examples of infectious microorganisms that cause HAI UTI infections
1.
True; 40% of nosocomial infections
2.
Associated w catheterization or instrumentation of urethra, bladder or kidneys
3. E.coli Klebsiella Proteus Serratia Pseudomonas Candida albicans
- Respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in patients suffering from HAI. True or false❓
- How can pneumonia/respiratory infections be acquired in the hospitals❓
- What microorganisms are involved❓
- True
- During aspiration in unconscious pt
Pulmonary ventilation
3. Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella Enterobacter Serratia Proteus Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Legionella E. Coli
- How can wound/skin sepsis be acquired in the hospitals❓
- What microorganisms are involved❓
- Wound/skin sepsis is most common amongst the elderly and manifest within a week of infection.
True or false❓
1.
Introduction of causative agents during surgery
Burns
Bed sores
2. Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Coli Proteus Enterococci
- True
- How can GI infections be acquired in the hospitals❓
2. What microorganisms are involved❓
Food poisoning- Salmonella, Shigella sonnei
Diarrhea due to E. coli
Staphylococcal contamination of food(enterotoxic manifestation)
Bacteremia and Septicemia HAI is usually acquired by❓
Which microorganism is involved❓
Infected IV cannulas
Gram -ve bacteria
How does one diagnose an HAI❓
Take sample from possible sources of infection ⬇️ Routine diagnosis by: Direct smear examination Culture Sensitivity testing
How can one prevent HAIs❓
Antibiotic therapy for staff
Immunoprophylaxis
Proper sterilization and disinfection of work clothes, equipments etc
Use of surgical gloves, face masks and sterile dressings
Care of urinary catheters
Care of IV access lines
Therapy and support of pulmonary functions
Regular handwashing
Pre-operative disinfection of pt skin
The Universal Infection Control Precautious was devised in the US in the 1980s
True or false
What are these precautions❓
True
Hand washing Personal protective equipment Prevention of sharp injuries Aseptic techniques Isolation Linen disposal Waste disposal Environmental cleaning Risk management/assessment
What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene❓
Alcohol (60-95%) based hand rubs w handwashing w soap and water should be used.
True or false❓
- Before pt contact
Before an aseptic task/procedure
After exposure to body fluids
After pt contact
After contact w pt surroundings
- True
Which specialties should be represented in a Hospital Infection Control Committee❓
Chief executive/Hospital administrator
Clinical microbiologist
Infection control nurse
Chief of nursing services
Infectious diseases physician
Representatives from major clinical specialties
