Normal Flora Flashcards
What are normal flora❓
- Mixture of microorganisms
* Regularly found at any anatomical site on or within the body of a healthy individual in non-sterile sites
What are the sites in the body that normal flora can be found❓
Skin
Eyes (conjunctiva)
Ears
Respiratory tract
Oral cavity
Urogenital tract
Elementary tract
What is the estimated normal flora in the…
- Mouth
- Skin
- GIT ❓
Mouth- 10^10
Skin- 10^12
GIT- 10^14
What is the importance of the normal flora❓
They constitute a defensive host mechanism by occupying ecological niches
Synthesis and secretions of vitamins
Eg
Enteric bacteria- vitamin B12 and K
Lactic acid bacteria- certain B vitamins
Prevention of colonization by pathogens
Stimulation of production of cross-reactive antibodies
Which normal flora is found in the throat❓
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Which normal flora is found in the urogenital epithelium❓
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which normal flora is found on tooth surfaces❓
S. mutans
Which normal flora is found on tongue surfaces❓
S. salivarius
Which normal flora is found on the small intestine epithelium❓
E. coli
Which normal flora is found in the nasal membrane❓
Staphylococcus aureus
Which normal flora is found on the skin❓
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Micrococcus sp.
Corynebacterium sp
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Which normal flora is found in the nostrils (respiratory system)❓
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium sp
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria sp
Haemophilus influenza
Streptococcus pneumonia
Which normal flora is found in the conjunctiva❓
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium sp
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria sp
Haemophilus influenza
Propoinibacterium acnes
Viridans streptococci
Which normal flora is found in the nasopharynx (upper respiratory tract)❓
Streptococcus pneumonia
Streptococcus pyogenes
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria meningitis
Neisseria sp
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
Non-hemolytic streptococci
The lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, pulmonary tissue) is usually sterile.
True or false❓
Individuals are susceptible to infection by pathogens descending for the nasopharynx, like❓
True
H. influenza
S. pneumonia
What are normal flora of the oral cavity❓
Streptococcus sanguis
Streptococcus mutans
Viridans streptococci
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium sp
Lactobaccili
Bacteroides sp
Actinomycetes sp
What are the normal flora of the external ear❓
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Corynebacterium sp
List some normal flora of the anterior urethra of the urogenital tract
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium sp.
Enterococcus faecalis
E.coli, Proteus (some enteric bacteria)
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
Acinetobacter sp.
Candida sp.
Mycoplasma sp.
Mycobacterium smegmatis
List some normal flora of the vagina
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Corynebacterium sp
Escherichia coli
Flavobacterium sp
Clostridium sp
Viridans streptococci
Staphylococci
Streptococci (non-pyogenic)
Some enterobacteria
Bifido bacteria account for more than 90% of intestinal bacteria in breast-fed infants
True or false❓
Which other normal flora are present❓
True
Enterobacteriaceae Enterococci Bacteroides Staphylococci Lactobacilli Clostridia
Bifido bacteria are not the predominant intestinal bacteria in bottle-fed infants
True or false❓
Which other normal flora are present❓
True
Enterics Bacteroides Enterococci Lactobacilli Clostridia
What is the main flora present in the upper GIT of adults❓
Helicobacter pylori (acid-resistant lactobacilli)
What are the normal flora of the upper small intestine❓
Lactobacilli
Enterococcus faecalis
Coliforms
Bacteroides
List some normal flora of the large intestine
Enterococci
Clostridia
Lactobacilli
Bacteroides
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Escherichia coli
Viridans streptococci
Staphylococcus sp
Proteus sp
Methanogenic bacteria
Candida albicans (yeast)
Mycoplasma sp
What are the sterile tissues in humans❓
Blood
Brain
Muscle
CSF
What is an example of a mutualistic normal flora❓
E. Coli:
Produces vitamins B and K
Receives warm, moist nutrient rich environment
What is an example of an opportunistic normal flora❓
E. coli:
Normally found in GI
Can cause UTI
Staphylococcus aureus:
Normally found in upper respiratory tract
Can infect wound/burn
What is a…
a. Probiotic❓
b. Prebiotic❓
- An oral administration of living organism to promote health
Species specific
2.
Non-digestible food (carbohydrate/soluble fibre) that stimulates growth or activity of GI flora (bifidobacteria/lactobacilli)
