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Microbiology > Normal Flora > Flashcards

Normal Flora Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are normal flora❓

A
  • Mixture of microorganisms

* Regularly found at any anatomical site on or within the body of a healthy individual in non-sterile sites

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2
Q

What are the sites in the body that normal flora can be found❓

A

Skin

Eyes (conjunctiva)

Ears

Respiratory tract

Oral cavity

Urogenital tract

Elementary tract

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3
Q

What is the estimated normal flora in the…

  1. Mouth
  2. Skin
  3. GIT ❓
A

Mouth- 10^10

Skin- 10^12

GIT- 10^14

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4
Q

What is the importance of the normal flora❓

A

They constitute a defensive host mechanism by occupying ecological niches

Synthesis and secretions of vitamins
Eg
Enteric bacteria- vitamin B12 and K
Lactic acid bacteria- certain B vitamins

Prevention of colonization by pathogens

Stimulation of production of cross-reactive antibodies

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5
Q

Which normal flora is found in the throat❓

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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6
Q

Which normal flora is found in the urogenital epithelium❓

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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7
Q

Which normal flora is found on tooth surfaces❓

A

S. mutans

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8
Q

Which normal flora is found on tongue surfaces❓

A

S. salivarius

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9
Q

Which normal flora is found on the small intestine epithelium❓

A

E. coli

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10
Q

Which normal flora is found in the nasal membrane❓

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

Which normal flora is found on the skin❓

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Micrococcus sp.

Corynebacterium sp

Mycobacterium smegmatis

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12
Q

Which normal flora is found in the nostrils (respiratory system)❓

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Corynebacterium sp

Staphylococcus aureus

Neisseria sp

Haemophilus influenza

Streptococcus pneumonia

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13
Q

Which normal flora is found in the conjunctiva❓

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Corynebacterium sp

Staphylococcus aureus

Neisseria sp

Haemophilus influenza

Propoinibacterium acnes

Viridans streptococci

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14
Q

Which normal flora is found in the nasopharynx (upper respiratory tract)❓

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

Streptococcus pyogenes

Haemophilus influenza

Neisseria meningitis

Neisseria sp

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

Non-hemolytic streptococci

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15
Q

The lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, pulmonary tissue) is usually sterile.

True or false❓
Individuals are susceptible to infection by pathogens descending for the nasopharynx, like❓

A

True

H. influenza
S. pneumonia

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16
Q

What are normal flora of the oral cavity❓

A

Streptococcus sanguis
Streptococcus mutans
Viridans streptococci

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis

Corynebacterium sp

Lactobaccili

Bacteroides sp

Actinomycetes sp

17
Q

What are the normal flora of the external ear❓

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Corynebacterium sp

18
Q

List some normal flora of the anterior urethra of the urogenital tract

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Corynebacterium sp.

Enterococcus faecalis

E.coli, Proteus (some enteric bacteria)

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

Acinetobacter sp.

Candida sp.

Mycoplasma sp.

Mycobacterium smegmatis

19
Q

List some normal flora of the vagina

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Corynebacterium sp

Escherichia coli

Flavobacterium sp

Clostridium sp

Viridans streptococci

Staphylococci

Streptococci (non-pyogenic)

Some enterobacteria

20
Q

Bifido bacteria account for more than 90% of intestinal bacteria in breast-fed infants

True or false❓
Which other normal flora are present❓

A

True

Enterobacteriaceae
Enterococci 
Bacteroides
Staphylococci
Lactobacilli 
Clostridia
21
Q

Bifido bacteria are not the predominant intestinal bacteria in bottle-fed infants

True or false❓
Which other normal flora are present❓

A

True

Enterics 
Bacteroides 
Enterococci 
Lactobacilli
Clostridia
22
Q

What is the main flora present in the upper GIT of adults❓

A

Helicobacter pylori (acid-resistant lactobacilli)

23
Q

What are the normal flora of the upper small intestine❓

A

Lactobacilli

Enterococcus faecalis

Coliforms

Bacteroides

24
Q

List some normal flora of the large intestine

A

Enterococci

Clostridia

Lactobacilli

Bacteroides

Bifidobacterium bifidum

Escherichia coli

Viridans streptococci

Staphylococcus sp

Proteus sp

Methanogenic bacteria

Candida albicans (yeast)

Mycoplasma sp

25
Q

What are the sterile tissues in humans❓

A

Blood
Brain
Muscle
CSF

26
Q

What is an example of a mutualistic normal flora❓

A

E. Coli:
Produces vitamins B and K
Receives warm, moist nutrient rich environment

27
Q

What is an example of an opportunistic normal flora❓

A

E. coli:
Normally found in GI
Can cause UTI

Staphylococcus aureus:
Normally found in upper respiratory tract
Can infect wound/burn

28
Q

What is a…

a. Probiotic❓
b. Prebiotic❓

A
  1. An oral administration of living organism to promote health

Species specific

2.
Non-digestible food (carbohydrate/soluble fibre) that stimulates growth or activity of GI flora (bifidobacteria/lactobacilli)

Microbiology (11 decks)

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