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Week 7 - microbiology > Viral GI infection > Flashcards

Viral GI infection Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is at higher risk of viral gastroenteritis?

A
  • children under age 5
  • Old people, especially those in nursing homes
  • Immunocompromised
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2
Q

Name 5 viruses that cause gastroenteritis

A
  • Adenovirus (40 and 41)
  • Norovirus
  • Sapovirus
  • Rotavirus
  • Astrovirus
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3
Q

Which groups are affected most by norovirus/sapovirus?

A

Can affect all ages and healthy individuals but often most serious in the young and elderly

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4
Q

Which groups are affected by rotavirus/adenovirus/astrovirus?

A

Mainly children under 2, elderly and immunocompromised

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5
Q

What family is norovirus?

A

Calciviridae

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6
Q

Describe the structure of norovirus

A

Non enveloped, single stranded RNA

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7
Q

Which strain of norovirus is most common in the UK?

A

GII-4

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8
Q

What is the transmission of norovirus?

A
  • Person to person (faecal-oral, aerosolised e.g. by toilet flush. fomites)
  • Food bourne
  • Water
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9
Q

What is the infectious dose of norovirus?

A

10-1000 virions

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10
Q

What is the incubation period of norovirus?

A

24-48 hours

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11
Q

How long can the virus be shed after infection?

A

3 weeks

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of norovirus?

A
  • Can be asymptomatic
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Fever in the minority
  • Dehydration in young a elderly
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13
Q

What is the duration of norovirus infection?

A

12-60 hours

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14
Q

What are the complications of norovirus?

A
  • Siginifcant proportion of childhood hospitalisation
  • Illness in hospital outbreaks last longer with an increased risk of mortality (underlying illness)
  • In elderly increased post infection complications
  • Chronic diarrhoea and virus shedding in both solid organ transplant patients and bone marrow transplant patients (shedding for up to 2 years)
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15
Q

What is the treatment of norovirus?

A
  • Oral and/or IV therapy
  • Antispasmodics
  • Analgesics
  • Antipyretics (if fever)
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16
Q

How long does immunity to norovirus last?

A

6-14 weeks

17
Q

What are the infection control measures for norovirus?

A

•Isolation or cohorting
•Exclude symptomatic staff until symptom free for 48 hours
•Do not move patients
•Do not admit new patients
•Thorough cleaning of ward/hotel/cruise ship/ bus
- 48 hours after the last symptomatic case
- dilute hypochlorite or hot soapy water
•Patient/visitor/passenger/guest awareness

18
Q

What is the structure of rotavirus?

A
  • Double stranded, non enveloped RNA virus

* 11 strands of RNA

19
Q

Describe the transmission of rotavirus

A
  • Low infectious dose (10-100 virus particles)
  • Mainly person to person via face-oral or fomites
  • Food and water borne spread is possible
  • Spread via respiratory droplets is speculated
20
Q

What is the incubation period of rotavirus?

A

1-3 dyas

21
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus?

A
  • Watery diarrhoea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Loss of electrolytes leading to dehydration
22
Q

how long do symptoms of rotavirus last?

A

3-7 dyas

23
Q

when is the most severe infection likely to occur with rotavirus?

A

1st infection after age 3 months

24
Q

What are the complications of rotavirus?

A
  • Severe chronic diarrhoea
  • Dehydration
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Immunodeficient children may have more severe or persistent disease
25
Q

Describe immunity against rotavirus

A
  • Antibodies against VP7 and VP4 and secretory IgA
  • 1st infection is usually severe and does not lead to full immunity
  • Rotarix immunisation
26
Q

Describe the structure of adenovirus

A

Double stranded DNA virus

27
Q

What are the symptoms of adenovirus?

A

Fever and watery diarrhoea

28
Q

What is the structure of astrovirus?

A

Single stranded, non enveloped RNA virus

29
Q

Describe astrovirus infection

A
  • Causes less severe gastroenteritis than other enteric pathogens
  • Infection usually as sporadic cases but can be outbreaks, usually in young children
30
Q

how can GI viruses be detected?

A

PCR of vomit or stool sample

Week 7 - microbiology (12 decks)

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