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Week 7 - microbiology > Antibiotics mechanisms and toxicities > Flashcards

Antibiotics mechanisms and toxicities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta lactams?

A

Peptidoglycan analogue, inhibit cross-linking of the cell wall, bactericidal

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Prevents cross linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall

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3
Q

Name a glycopeptide antibiotic

A

Vancomycin

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A
  • Bacteriostatic effect due to binding of 30s ribosome

* bactericidal effect due to effect on the cell membrane

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5
Q

Name an amino glycoside

A

Gentamicin

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the macrolides?

A

50s ribosome

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7
Q

Name a macrolide

A
  • Clarithromycin

* Erythromycin

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?

A

50s ribosome and stops exotoxin production

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the tetracyclines?

A

30s ribosome

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10
Q

Name a tetracycline

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of quinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase

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12
Q

Name a quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rifampicin?

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

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15
Q

Adverse effects of macrolides

A
  • Diarrhoea and vomiting
  • QT prolongation
  • Hearing loss with longterm use
  • Avoid stimvastatin and atorvastatin and warfarin
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15
Q

Adverse effects of macrolides

A
  • Diarrhoea and vomiting
  • QT prolongation
  • Hearing loss with longterm use
  • Avoid stimvastatin and atorvastatin and warfarin
16
Q

What are the 4 antibiotics prone to causing C diff?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Co-amoxiclav
  • Cephalosporins (e.g. cephtriaxone)
  • Ciprofloxacin (quinolone)
17
Q

What are the adverse effects of quinolones?

A

•Toxicity: GI, QT prolongation, tendonitis

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of trimethoprim?

A
  • Elevation of serum creatinine
  • elevation of serum K+
  • Rash and GI disturbance
19
Q

What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?

A
  • Unpleasant reaction with alcohol

* Peripheral neuropathy with long term use

20
Q

What are the adverse effects of vancomycin?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Red man syndrome
  • Ototoxicity
21
Q

What are the adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity
  • Neuromuscular blockade

Week 7 - microbiology (12 decks)

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