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PHARMACOLOGY - Antiviral, Classic Chemo, ADME > Viral Drugs (list) > Flashcards

Viral Drugs (list) Flashcards

1
Q 
ABACAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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2
Q 
ACYCLOVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds
Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
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3
Q 
AMANTADINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Viruses Treated:
Influenza

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4
Q 
Amprenavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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5
Q 
ATAZNAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

  • NO CYP34A inhibition

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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6
Q 
BOCEPREVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Inhibits NS3/4A protease that cleaves polypeptide of HCV into non-structural HCV proteins

Other/Resistance:
- HCV quickly mutates so resistance can rapidly be conferred

Viruses Treated:
HCV I

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7
Q 
Didanosine (ddl) 
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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8
Q 
EFAVIRENZ
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Non-competitive Nucleotide Inhibitor of HIV-1

MOA:
Allosteric Inhibitor that binds to the p66 binding pocket of HIV-1 reverse transciptase

Other/Resistance:
Does not penetrated CNS like Nevirapine

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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9
Q 
EMITRICITABINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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10
Q 
ENFUVIRTIDE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Fusion Inhibitors

MOA:
T-20, It’s a Synthetic Peptide drug that mimics HR2, binds to HR1 and prevents HR2-HR1 interaction

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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11
Q 
FOSCARNET
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-viral

Sub-Group:
Nucleic Acid Synthesis inhibitor

MOA:
Inhibits DNA polymerase noncompetively by binding PPi and preventing PPi bond cleavage

Chain termination results

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12
Q 
GANCICLOVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds
Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
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13
Q 
Indinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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14
Q 
LAMIVUDINE (3-TC)
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV, HBV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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15
Q 
Lopinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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16
Q 
MARAVIROC
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Fusion Inhibitor

MOA:
Small Molecule antagonist of the CCR5 chemokine receptor

Other/Resistance:
ONLY blocks HIV strains that have the CCR5 receptor

Viruses Treated:
HIV

17
Q 
Nelfinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

18
Q 
NEVIRAPINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Non-competitive Nucleotide Inhibitor of HIV-1

MOA:
Allosteric Inhibitor that binds to the p66 binding pocket of HIV-1 reverse transciptase

Other/Resistance:
**PENETRATES TO CNS

Viruses Treated:
HIV

19
Q 
OSELTAMVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES

Other/Resistance:
Resistance is Conferred by putting mutations into neuraminidase

Viruses Treated:
Flu

20
Q 
Peginterferon-Alpha
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiviral

MOA:
Long Lasting IFN-alpha - Binding Signals Cell to make a Series of ANTIVIRAL proteins 1)activates Mx prot. To block mRNA synthesis 2) INHIBITS VIRAL TRANSLATION 3) inhbits Glycosyltransferase (PTP)

21
Q 
RALTEGRAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
DNA strand Transfer Inhibitor

MOA:
Targets Integrase that integrates HIV DNA into Cellular DNA (for HIV1 and HIV2)

Other/Resistance:
Retains activity against viruses that have become resistant to other antiretroviral drug BUT Viral Resistance can arise by mutations in integraste gene

Viruses Treated:
HIV

22
Q 
RIBAVARIN
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Converted to Triphosphate Form, Competitively Inhibits GTP-dependent 5’ capping of viral messenger RNA (specifically Flu virus transcriptase activity)

Side Effects:
Influenza, HCV1, 2, 3

23
Q 
Rimantidine
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Viruses Treated:
Influenza

24
Q 
RITONAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

  • INTERACTS WITH CYP34A, this can be used as an advantage to administer other drugs at a lower concentration

Viruses Treated:
HIV

25
Q 
Saquinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

26
Q 
Stavudine (D4T)
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

27
Q 
TELAPREVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Inhibits NS3/4A protease that cleaves polypeptide of HCV into non-structural HCV proteins

Other/Resistance:
- HCV quickly mutates so resistance can rapidly be conferred

Viruses Treated:
HCV I

28
Q 
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV, HBV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

29
Q 
TRILURIDINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Fluorinated Pyrimidine Nucleoside that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase and specific DNA polymerases (capable of Decreasing syntehsis in both infected and uninfected cells)

Other/Resistance:
Viral Resistance to this drug is rare

Viruses Treated:
HSV-induced keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis

30
Q 
Valacyclovir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds

Other/Resistance:
Function as the Pro-drug of Acyclovir and has better ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY

Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
31
Q 
Valganciclovir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds

Other/Resistance:
Function as the Pro-drug of Acyclovir and Ganciclovir and has better ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY

Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
32
Q 
ZANAMIVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES

Other/Resistance:
Resistance is Conferred by putting mutations into neuraminidase

Viruses Treated:
Flu

33
Q 
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Other/Resistance:
Penetrates CNS

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

34
Q

TRIFLURIDINE

A

Group:
Anti-viral

Sub-Group:
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA:
IRREVERSIBLE inhibition of Thymidylate synthase

Other/Resistance:
- Affects host cells too to a certain extent

Viruses Treated:
HSV - induced Keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis

35
Q 
Adefovir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA:
converted to DIPHOSPHATE form, competes with dATP for incorporation and terminates the chain

Viruses Treated:

  • HBV
  • Effective for DNA Polymerases and Reverse transriptase too
36
Q 
Entecavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA:
Converted to Triphosphate form and competes with dGTP for HBV pols

Viruses Treated:
- HBV

37
Q 
Telbuvidine
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA:
- Converted to triphosphate to compete with dTTP for HBV pols

Viruses Treated:
- HBV

PHARMACOLOGY - Antiviral, Classic Chemo, ADME (18 decks)

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