Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
What is the diffference between clearance and elimination half-life?
Clearance - Body’s Efficiency of drug removal
Elimination Half-life - Rate of Drug Removal
What is the difference between Bioavailability and Volume of Distribution?
Bioavailability - Fraction of Drug Absorbed
Volume of Distribution - Apparent Space the Drug Resides in
- **What is the most important concept to be considered when designing a regimen for long-term drug administration?
- Define this term.
- **How can this be calculated?
- Define the variables
Clearance
Clearance - theoretical Volume of Fluid from which the drug is removed per unit of time
CL = Rate of Elimination/Concentration CL = Q [(Ca-Cv)/Ca] = QE
Q = Blood Flow to the organ Ca = Arterial Concentration of Drug Cv = Venous Concentration of Drug E = [(Ca-Cv)/Ca] - Extraction ratio
How do you ensure that you maintain steady-state concentrations of a drug within the therapeutic window?
- Administer the Drug at the same rate that it is eliminated
What is the Rate Limiting Variable in Clearance of a drug?
Blood Flow to the Organ
What are the two methods by which all drugs are eliminated?
- which is most common?
0 order and 1st order kinetics
- 1st order is by far the most common
Between 0 order and 1st order kinetics, which eliminates a constant fraction of the remaining concentration per unit of time?
1st order - specific fraction of the drug is elminated from the remaining concentration per unit time
What is Ke?
- how is it obtained
Elimination Rate constant obtained by taking the log of [Drug] and graphing it against time
What is the volume of distribution?
- What is the formula?
The fluid volume that would be required to contain all of the dose at the same concentration as exists in the blood plasma
Vd = Dose / Cb
Cb = Blood concentration
How do you find the elimination constant for a drug eliminated by 1st order kinetics?
Ke= Q [(Ca-Cv)/Ca] / Vd
also,
Ke = CL/Vd
What is the relationship of half life to dosing interval?
A drug is often given at half-life intervals
What are the 4 main factors that make 1/2 life a clinically important thing?
- Determination of Dosing Interval
- A factor in Determining Dose
- May Determine Route
- Good indicator of the time required to reach steady-state after a dosage regimen is initiated
What is the one compartment pharmacokinetic Model?
- how accurate is it?
- Kinetics?
*Assumes the Body is One Compartment
***ONLY WORKS FOR DRUGS THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY THROUGHOUT THE BODY
- Not a very adequate model
- 1st order Elimination
What is the two compartment model?
- how does the graph of the two compartment model differ from that of the one compartment model?
Two Compartment Model - assumes drug is injected into the blood then must equilibrate between two compartments
- Graphically you’ll see in initial large drop in concentration that corresponds to equilibration between the two compartments
How do you find clearance rate for a multicompartment model?
Clearance Rate = Dose / AUC
AUC = area under the curve