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infection & immunity > Viral Disease > Flashcards

Viral Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of RNA

A

Positive sense

Negative sense

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2
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative sense RNA

A

Negative sense must be transferred to mRNA first to become readable by host ribosomes

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of capsid

A

Helical
Icosahedral
Complex

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4
Q

What are the two viral families

A

Paramyxovirus

Togaviridae

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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of a paramyxovirus Genome

A

SsRNA
Linear
Non-segmented
Negative sense

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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of a paramyxovirus envelope

A 
Flexible helical nucleocapsid
Pleomorphic
Haemagglutanin (GP) spikes
Membrane fusion spikes
129-250nm D
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7
Q

Characteristics of Togaviridae

A

Positive sense ssRNA
Enveloped icosahedron 70nm D
Haemagglutanin spikes

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of measles

A

Mainly asymptomatic
Prodromal
- onset of fever, malaise and anorexia, following by conjunctivitis

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9
Q

What’s the average incubation time fore measles

A

~10 days

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10
Q

What can be secondary to measles

A

Bacterial infections: pneumonia, seizures, brain damage
Encephalitis (1/100)
Generally poor recovery

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11
Q

Characteristics of the Mumps

A

Onset of unilateral or bilateral tender swelling of parotid or other salivary glands (90% bilateral)

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12
Q

Average incubation time for mumps

A

18 days

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13
Q

How would you go about diagnosing mumps

A
  • Isolate virus in subculture
  • detecting viral RNA in saliva, CSF or urine
  • Detecting mumps specific Ig antibody
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14
Q

How does mumps infect

A
  • enters through respiratory tract
  • grows in salivary glands and lymphoid
  • virus spread to spleen and dust and lymphoid —> viraemia
  • virus spreads to testes, ovaries, pancreas, thyroid —> DISEASE
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15
Q

How do you prevent/treat mumps

A
  • only vaccine for prevention
  • currently no anti-viral medications available
  • treatment focuses on relieving symptoms
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Rubella

A

Rash, mild prodromal period

17
Q

How would you prevent/treat rubella

A

Only vaccination can prevent
Non specific treatment
Symptoms usually disappear In 7-10 days

18
Q

What are some complications of rubella

A

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) serious abnormalities of the foetus
- still birth (80%)
- microcephalic/ cerebral palsy/ retardation
Low birth weight, growth retardation
- optical, heart, deafness

19
Q

Why is MMR vaccination so important

A
  • control of viruses can only be achieved with MMR
  • maintenance of Herd immunity
  • evidence to disprove link between autism and Crohn’s disease

infection & immunity (17 decks)

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