VIH-SIDA Flashcards
What is HIV?
human immunodeficiency virus —> Virus de l’immunodéficience humaine
What does it mean to be seropositive for HIV?
To be infected with HIV —> antibodies present
What is an opportunistic infection?
Infection that happens in someone who is immunocompromised… would not happen if pt wasn’t immunocompromised
What is AIDS?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome —> syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise
- extreme form of HIV infection that manifests by a severe immunodeficiency —> makes pts susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers
What does the décompte de CD4 measure?
Degré de dommage fait au système immunitaire par le VIH
What is the décompte lymphocytaire?
Dénombrement des différents lymphocytes dans une prise de sang… low # = sign of immunodeficiency
What is the charge virale?
number of copies of HIV in the blood per PCR
measures the potential that HIV has to destroy the immune system
What is génotypage?
Détection des mutations de résistance aux différents antirétroviraux sur les gènes du virus
What is reconstitution immunitaire?
augmentation du nombre de CD4 et CD8 et la proportion de cellules naïves suivant l’initiation du traitement antirétroviral
The history of VIH/SIDA: (11 dates)
1908 —> HIV in humans… derived from SIV in chimpanzees
1959 —> first seropositive serum in the Congo and first dead pt (UK marine)
1968 —> first dead pt in US
1981 —> CDC link between PCP/Kaposi in young gay men, initially named GRID before identifiable in other at risk groups
1982 —> renamed AIDS, discovery of transmission through blood (hemophiliacs and blood transfusions), first cases in Africa
1983 —> virus isolated from ganglia.. doctors think its the origin for AIDS (LAV: lymphadenopathy-associated virus)
1985 —> Americans discover virus HTLV-III but it was actually the same virus discovered in 1983 LAV, first dx testing and start of all blood being tested in Canada
1986 —> LAV renamed HIV
1987 —> first antiretroviral Rx commercialized (AZT)
1996 —> HAART treatment established (combination of 3 antiretroviral drugs becomes standard)
2008 —> Nobel Prize in Medicine given to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi et Luc Montagnier for discovery of HIV
How has HIV come to exist?
SIV in chimps transmitted to humans during hunting probably in the early 20th century —> transmission of SIV to HIV —> HIV then transmitted between humans
What has contributed to the dissemination of HIV in Africa? (4)
- injections given without sterilizing needles
- urbanization, development of road systems
- inequality between men and women
- sex work
What has contributed to the dissemination of HIV in Western countries? (4)
- change in sexual behaviour (multiple partners, no protection) in the 70s –> sexual liberation movement
- sexual tourism
- gay community
- use of IV drugs (the needles not the drugs)
What has happened to HIV in recent years?
Since 1998, dim. of incidence by 40%
Since 2004, dim. of deaths by 60%
Why?
- Treatment is more accessible, change in behaviour towards at risk and seropositive individuals, access to prevention services, and education
What was the objective set by the UN in 2014 for 2020?
90-90-90
- 90% of seropositive pts know they’re seropositive
- 90% of patients currently being treated
- 90% of treated pts have their disease under control
95-95-95 by 2030
Sadly this is not yet the case globally or in Canada