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MD1 SF3 - EXAM 2 > Principes de prévention des infections > Flashcards

Principes de prévention des infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 necessary criteria for an infection to be considered nosocomiale?

A
  1. Infection absente à l’admission
  2. Infection qui débute plus de 48 heures après l’admission
  3. Infection qui débute peu de temps après le congé de l’hôpital
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for infections nosocomiales?

A

Patient:

  • age
  • immunosuppression
  • comorbidities

Épisode de soins:

  • Length of hospitalization
  • Intensity of care
  • Exposure to environmental sources
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3
Q

Infections nosocomiales… pays en voie de développement vs. pays développé:

A
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4
Q

How are infections propagated in healthcare environements?

A
  • Susceptible hosts
  • Presence of infectious agent
  • Source/reservoir
    • person
    • environment
  • Transmission
    • contact
    • droplets
    • aerosol
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5
Q

What are the two forms of transmission par contact?

A
  1. Direct: skin to skin
  2. Indirect: contaminated surfaces
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6
Q

How does droplet contamination work?

A

Oropharynx individu A

Lors de conversation, toux, éternuement, procédures

Propagation individu B en dedans 1-2 mètres

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7
Q

What’s the difference between droplets and aerosols?

A

Aerosols can be carried further

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8
Q

What are the 4 levels of hand hygiene?

A
  1. Lavage hygiénique
  2. Lavage antiseptique
  3. Friction hydro-alcoolique
  4. Antisepsie chirurgicale
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9
Q

What are the two forms of “flores cutanées”?

A
  1. Flore résidente
    • colonisants
    • causent pas de maladies
    • difficile à déloger
  2. Flore transitoire
    • germes acquis par contact
    • facile à déloger
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10
Q

Forms of hand hygiene and its influence on the flora that is present:

A
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11
Q

What is an “étiquitte respiratoire” used for?

A
  • For: visitors, healthcare workers, volunteers, IVR pts
  • Port du masque
  • Hygiène des mains
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12
Q

What are the 4 types of PPE?

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Smock
  3. Mask
  4. Occular protection
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13
Q

What are some extra precautions to take for certain kinds of transmissions?

A

Contact: smock, gloves

Droplets: mask

Voie aérienne: N95 mask

Droplets/contact: smock, gloves, mask

Aérienne/contact: smock, gloves, N95 mask

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for urinary infections?

A

Patient:

  • femme
  • âge avancé
  • diabète

Épisode de soins:

  • sonde
  • bris d’asepsie
  • absence d’antibiotique
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15
Q

What are 4 ways to prevent UTIs?

A
  1. éviter d’en installer si possibles
  2. procédures: pose/entretien
  3. sacs collecteurs plus bas que vessie
  4. retrait dès que possible
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16
Q

What are the risk factors for “infections du site opératoire”?

A

Patient:

  • âge avancé
  • immunosuppression
  • diabète
  • état nutritionnel

Chirurgie:

  • absence d’antiobioprophylaxie
  • corps étranger
  • chirurgie contaminée
  • tissus dévitalisés
17
Q

Pre-op and per-op ways to prevent infection:

A

Pre-op:

  • shortest time possible for pre-op hospitalization
  • avoid shaving
  • antiio prophylaxie
  • control comoridities

Per-op:

  • bloc opératoire conforme
  • poursuivre antibio prophylaxie
  • moins de drains possible
18
Q

What are the risk factors for infection of an intravascular catheter?

A

Locaux:

  • maladie de peau
  • urgence
  • gros calibre
  • soins locaux
  • durée

Systémiques:

  • chimio
  • neutropénie
  • comorbidities
  • Infections à distance
19
Q

What are 3 ways to prevent intravascular catheter infections?

A
  1. Contrôle des infections à distance
  2. Procédures: pose/entretien
  3. Retrait dès que possible
20
Q

What are 4 risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia?

A
  1. Durée de l’intubation
  2. Flore oropharyngée autour ballonnet
  3. Aérosol contaminé
  4. Irritation locale du tube
21
Q

How to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia? (4 ways)

A
  1. Procédures d’entretien
  2. Position d’usager
  3. Hygiène buccale
  4. Extubation précoce
22
Q

How to prevent C. diff associated diarrhea?

A

Patient:

  • avoid hospitalization
  • dim. prise d’antibios

Épisode de soins:

  • hygiène des mains
  • thermomètres jetables
  • nettoyage lieux
  • dépistage/isolement des cas
23
Q

What is the PROGRAMME DE PRÉVENTION ET CONTRÔLE DES INFECTIONS (PPCI) EN MILIEU HOSPITALIER?

A

Obligation pour un établissement de santé d’avoir un PPCI pour être autorisé à prodiguer des soins.

Un PPCI comprend plusieurs volets.

24
Q

What are the 6 “volets” of a PPCI?

A
  1. Surveillance
  2. Gestion d’éclosion
  3. Politiques/procédures
  4. Audit
  5. Formation
  6. Recherche/développement

MD1 SF3 - EXAM 2 (12 decks)

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