Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD1 SF3 - EXAM 2 > Les Zoonoses > Flashcards

Les Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is prévalence?

A

all old and new cases of an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is incidence?

A

only the new cases of an illnesses (shows the risk)

can cause epidemics if the incidence increases above what is normally found in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an epidemic called when its in animals?

A

Épizootie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an endemic?

A

(of a disease or condition) regularly found among particular people or in a certain area

In animals: enzootie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a zoonose?

A

Toute infection naturellement transmissible entre un animal et l’humain

Can be direct transmission of through a vector (water, food, insect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an anthropozoonose?

A

une maladie ou infection qui se transmet naturellement des animaux vertébrés à l’être humain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a zooanthroponose?

A

maladie ou infection qui se transmet naturellement de l’homme aux animaux vertébrés

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What infectious agents are responsible for zoonoses?

A

Bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, unconventional infectious agents (ex: prions —> Mad Cow disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a maladie infectieuse émergeante?

A

infection don’t l’incidence s’est accrue depuis les derniers 20 ans et qui menacent de continuer à s’accroître

Have practically quadruples since 1960 —> 20% caused by resistance to treatment, 60-70% are zoonoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maladies infectieuses émergeants are usually associated with what? (3 things)

A
  1. Évolution des microbes: virulence, résistance, adaptation à un nouvel hôte (franchir la “barrière des espèces”)
  2. Perturbations de l’environnement: habitat, climat, agriculture intensive
  3. Perturbations de l’hôte: age, immunosuppressed population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a primary host?

A

a host that naturally allows an infectious agent to multiply which aids in its transmission to another host

It’s an important reservoir for the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a secondary host?

A

un hôte qui héberge un agent infectieux de façon transitoire

sometimes required to assure the development/maturation of infectious agent to complete the infectious cycle

if not required… can work as occasional hosts or as reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a “terminal” host?

A

secondary host that is unable to transmit the infectious agent to a primary host which stops the propagation of the infectious cycle

usually humans in the case of emerging zoonoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

Ecological system in which a zoonotic agent indefinitely survives

such as:

  • secondary hosts, vectors, biotope (milieu de vie du pathogène)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diseases are not considered zoonoses?

A

Malaria (Plasmodium faciparum), schistosomiase (snail fever), onchocercose

no longer considered zoonoses because humans are now the primary host necessary for their infectious cycle

the “barrière inter-espèce” was crossed a long time ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Common diseases that are no longer zoonoses:

A

Started as zoonoses… now primarily through spread interhuman contact

COVID, diphtheria, influenza, certain forms of the common cold, measles, smallpox, HIV-AIDS, tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anamnesis for zoonoes?

A

VOLCANS

Voyages

Occupations

Loisirs

Contacts

Animaux

Nourriture

Sexe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Système touché par brucellose

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Agent infectieux de brucellose

A

Brucella sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reservoir for brucellose

A

Bovines, ovines, caprins, canines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transmission de brucellose

A

Direct contact, aerosol, food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Système touché par campylobactériose

A

intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agent infectieux de campylobactériose

A

Campylobacter sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Reservoir de campylobactériose

A

birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transmission de campylobactériose

A

food (raw meat and milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Système touché par Fièvre Q

A

cardiovascular and respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Agent infectieux du fièvre Q

A

Coxiella burnetii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Reservoir du fièvre Q

A

bovines, ovines, caprines, canines, felines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Transmission du fièvre Q

A

aerosol and direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Système touché par Yersinia gastroenteritis:

A

intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Agent infectieux de Yersinia gastroenteritis:

A

Yersinia enterocolitica (psychotroph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Reservoir du Yersinia gastroenteritis:

A

porcine, canines, felines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Transmission du Yersinia gastroenteritis:

A

food and feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Système touché par leptospirose

A

kidneys, liver, SNC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Agent infectieux du leptospirose

A

Leptospira sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Reservoir du leptospirose

A

Mostly rats, bovines, and porcines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Transmission du leptospirose

A

direct contact, urine, water, bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Système touché par listériose

A

blood, SNC, digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Agent infectieux du listériose

A

Listeria monocytogenes (psychrotroph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Reservoir du listériose

A

divers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Transmission du listériose

A

food, water, direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Système touché par “Maladie du hamburger” → E. coli gastroenteritis

A

Intestines, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Agent infectieux du “Maladie du hamburger” → E. coli gastroenteritis

A

Escherichia coli that produce shigatoxin (O157:H7 and some other serotypes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Reservoir du “Maladie du hamburger” → E. coli gastroenteritis

A

Bovines

45
Q

Transmission du “Maladie du hamburger” → E. coli gastroenteritis

A

food and feces

46
Q

Systems touched of Lyme disease:

A

cutaneous, articulations, divers

47
Q

Infectious agent that causes lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

48
Q

Reservoir for lyme disease

A

mice, rodents, deer

49
Q

Mode of transmission of lyme disease

A

ticks

50
Q

Système touché par salmonelle

A

intestines

51
Q

Agent infectieux du salmonelle

A

Salmonella sp.

52
Q

Reservoir du salmonelle

A

reptiles, mammals, poultry

53
Q

Transmission du salmonelle

A

food

54
Q

Système touché par tularemie

A

cutaneous, respiratory, blood, lymphatic, digestive

55
Q

Agent infectieux du tularemie

A

Francisella tularensis

56
Q

Reservoir du tularemie

A

rodents, hares, muskrat, canines

57
Q

Transmission du tularemie

A

direct contact, food, insects/ticks, bites, water?

58
Q

Système touché par babesia

A

blood

59
Q

Agent infectieux du babesia

A

Babesia microti

60
Q

Reservoir du babesia

A

mammals

61
Q

Transmission du babesia

A

Ticks

62
Q

Système touché par cryptospridose

A

intestines

63
Q

Agent infectieux du cryptosporidose

A

Cryptosporidium sp. (cholorotolérant)

64
Q

Reservoir du cryptosporidiose

A

bovines, ovines, cerfs

65
Q

Mode de transmission du cryptosporidiose

A

feces and water

66
Q

Système touché par giardia

A

intestines

67
Q

Agent infectieux du giardia

A

Giardia lamblia (chlorotolérant)

68
Q

Reservoir du giardia

A

beaver, rodents, bovines, cefs, canines, felines

69
Q

Transmission du giardia

A

Water and feces

70
Q

Système touché par la rage

A

SNC

71
Q

Agent infectieux de la rage

A

Lyssavirus

72
Q

Reservoir de la rage

A

canines, bats, felines, etc.

73
Q

Transmission de la rage

A

Bites, saliva

74
Q

Système touché par “Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome”

A

respiratoire

75
Q

Agent infectieux du Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome:

A

Hantavirus

76
Q

Reservoir du Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome:

A

rodents

77
Q

Transmission du Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome:

A

feces and aerosol

78
Q

Stats on “maladies à déclaration obligatoire” #1

A
79
Q

Stats on “maladies à déclaration obligatoire” #2

A
80
Q

Stats on “maladies à déclaration obligatoire” #3

A
81
Q

Etiology and transmission of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia bugdoferi from 1975-1985 in Lyme, Connecticut

Spirochetes

3% infection risk after each tick bite but infection rate grows with the time the tick is attached (low <36 hours)

82
Q

What is the principal reservoir of Lyme disease?

A

White footed mouse

83
Q

What is the principal vector of Lyme disease?

A

Ixodes ticks

84
Q

Cycle de vie des tiques:

A

Triphasique: oeufs —> 1. larva 2. nymphe 3. adult —> oeufs

85
Q

What species of ticks are associated with Lyme disease?

A

Ixodes: Lyme, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis

86
Q

How to remove ticks?

A

DO NOT use fingers or nails… remove with a sharp object like tweezers

Hold tick by its head (hard part) with the tweezer as close as possible to the skin

Pull vertically (lightly), without twisting or swuishing

Wash skin and hands once tick is removed

Place tick in hermetically sealed container and consult a doctor who can analyze the tick for presence of Lyme

87
Q

What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?

A
  1. Localized (précoce)
  2. Disséminé précoce
  3. Disséminé tardif

A “tardive/persistante/chronique” form is currently in discussion

Post-treatment sx are reported in 5-20% of pts

88
Q

What is stage 1?

A

début de l’infection avant dissémination des bactéries

60-80% of pts have an expanding erythema migrans with nodule

89
Q

What is stage 2?

A

Dissemination of bacteria through the blood —> couple days to 6 months after the initial bite

sometimes accompanied by systematic sx such as: fever, fatigue, localized adenopathies, atteinte cardiaque/neurologique (déficit moteur/sensitif)

90
Q

What is stage 3?

A

Complication of preceding stage… appears months later

Usually leads to problems with articulations esp. arthritis of the knees

91
Q

What is erythema migrans?

A

2-30 days after tick bite (usually 7-14)

2/3 pts develop these lesions that are generally asymptomatic and circular, oval, or triangular

Their size quickly increases up to a diameter > 5cm and are present for at least 48hr

92
Q

Clinical manifestations, dx, tx, and prophylaxis of Lyme

A

Usually the “tableau clinique” isn’t enough to establish a dx… serology usually necessary (ELISA or IFA) and epidemiology of area must be looked at

93
Q

Where do most cases of Lyme in Quebec come from?

A

Eastern Townships/Southern Quebec

2016: 179 cases, 70% acquired in Quebec → 60% Estrie, 30% Montérégie
2017: 328 cases, 76% acquired in Quebec → 85% in Estrie/Montérégie
2019: 500 cases, 76% acquired in Quebec

94
Q

At risk population for Lyme:

A

People who live/work in areas with forests, high grass → moderate risk

Biking, walks in areas with known ticks

95
Q

Rx used to treat Lyme:

A

Stades localisés/disséminés précoces: doxycycline or amoxicillin for 2-3 weeks

Disséminé tardif: ceftriaxone or penicillin for 4 weeks, arthritis can be treated with methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine

96
Q

What preventative measures should be taken to protect yourself from ticks?

A

Avoid favourable habitats (shade, long grass)

Wear clothing that covers arms and legs

Using bug spray (DEET 30% > 12 ans, Icaridine 20% > 6 months)

Cutaneous exams and tick extraction

Can prescribe prophylactic ATBs if very high suspicion of bite from infected tick

97
Q

Should prophylactic antibiotherapy be used?

A

Not usually recommended after tick bite in Quebec… can be used in cases of bites from zones where risk is higher in Quebec, or endemic zones in the US, Europe, or other parts of Canada

98
Q

Lyme -> MADO?

A

LYME DISEASE HAS BEEN A MADO SINCE 2003 → MALADIE À DÉCLARATION OBLIGATOIRE but it is still under reported

99
Q

Etiology and transmission of rabies

A

Lyssavirus

Can only be transmitted by mammals

100
Q

What are the principal reservoirs of rabies?

A

Skunks, raccoons, bats (NA), foxes, DOGS!

101
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Contact with saliva, LCR, and nervous tissue, bites, scratches, possible aerosol transmission

102
Q

Rabies on a global scale:

A

150 countries are affected by rabies

2000 → 55k people died of rabies

2015 → estimated to be around 59k

Where?

  • Mostly in Asia and Africa, and in the Americas in Haiti
103
Q

How has rabies been so well controlled in N.A?

A

Vaccination campaigns for dogs → “Zéro d’ici 2030” et “un monde, une santé”

Important to focus on vet services, public health, and education to prevent rabies

104
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a rabies infection?

A

Incubation for 5 days to 3 months… in some cases up to 2 years

  1. Phase prodrome: fever, headaches, malaise, irritability, anorexia (4-10 days)
  2. Later leads to agitation, snoring, confusion, paralysis, and muscular spasm
  3. and later convulsions and cardiac arrhythmia that lead to coma and death

Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after first symptoms. Survival is almost unknown once symptoms have presented, even with intensive care

105
Q

How is rabies dx?

A

Immunofluorescence directe (corps de Negri) sur les biopsies, RT-PCR is now the “méthode de choix”

106
Q

What is hydrophobia?

A

Sx of rabies infection…

Mostly in humans.. fear of water → two forms

  1. Forme paralytique
  2. Forme furieuse
107
Q

How to treat rabies post-exposition?

A

Treat plaies (clean) as soon as possible

Administer a series of doses of the rabies vaccine according to WHO

Administer antirabic immunoglobulin if indicated

Ideally all of these things must be done in the hours following contact

108
Q

What are the three types of contact (vaccination criteria set by WHO)?

A

Type 1: contact with animal

  • (pas d’exposition, pas d’intervention)

Type 2: mordillement de la peau nue, griffures ou égratignures superficielles sans saignement

  • (traitement de la plaie, vaccination immédiate)

Type 3: morsures ou griffures uniques/multiples ayant traversé le derme, léchage sur peau lésée, contamination des muqueuses par la salive après léchage, exposition à des chauve-souris (contact+salive) →

  • (traitement de la plaie, vaccination immédiate, administration d’immunoglobuline antirabique)

MD1 SF3 - EXAM 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions