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Biology 3015: Wildlife Ecotourism > Viewing Animals in the Wild Part A > Flashcards

Viewing Animals in the Wild Part A Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the eight types of tourism?

A
  1. Nature Based
  2. Wildlife
  3. Cultural
  4. Adventure
  5. 3S
  6. Hybrids
  7. Alternative
  8. Ecotourism
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2
Q

Nature-based tourism??

A

tourism about the environment

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3
Q

Adventure tourism??

A

toursim in the environment

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4
Q

3S tourism??

A
  • sun, sand, sea

L> resorts!

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5
Q

Ecotourism??

A

can be a component of any of the other types of tourism

L> tourism FOR the environment

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6
Q

Examples of alternative tourism??

A
  • going to see a castle
  • famous house from a movie
  • sites of death
    etc
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7
Q

What is the formal definition of wildlife tourism?

A

tourism undertaken to view and/or encounter wildlife. It can take place in a range of settings from captive, semi captive to in the wild and it encompasses a variety of interactions from passive observation to feeding and or touching the species viewed.

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8
Q

What is the main difference between wildlife tourism and ecotourism?

A
  • ecotourism does not consider captive situations.
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9
Q

What is the impact of feeding animals?

A
  • feeding will decrease biodiversity but it increases the population of the animal being viewed in that area.
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10
Q

The encounter between the ___ and the ___ compromises the core of a wildlife tourism experience.

A

vistior

wildlife

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11
Q

What are the five things to be considered with wildlife tourism?

A
  1. vistors
  2. economics
  3. the wildlife experience
  4. host communities
  5. wildlife impacts and management
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12
Q

What are the four areas in the wildlife tourism spectrum?

A
  1. captive
  2. semi-captive
  3. feeding wildlife
  4. wild
    - defined by roams, 2002
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13
Q

What is the formal definition for ecotourism?

A

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
L> via TIES: The International Ecotourism Society

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14
Q

Ecotourism is about uniting ___, _____ and _____. This means that hose who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow certain principles.

A

conservation, communities and sustainable travel.

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15
Q

What are the six principles of ecotourism?

A
  1. Minimize impact
  2. Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect (education component)
  3. Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts
  4. provide direct financial benefits for conservation
  5. provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people.
  6. raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental and social climate
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16
Q

Out of the six principles of ecotourism which is not followed the most?

A
  • minimizing impact
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17
Q

Describe the Case Study titled: Ecotourism or Ecoterrorism?
L>where was it?
L> issues?

A
  • Pantanal, Brazil
  • Boat drivers with no training in good practice
  • paid more money to get closer
  • did not care how they influenced behaviour
  • area not officially policed
  • found four jaguars competing for mates
  • 10 boats zipped up at full throttle
  • blocked pathway of jaguar trying to cross the river
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18
Q

Describe the Case Study titled: Ecotourism or Ecoterrorism?

- as the number of boats increased what happened?

A
  • cats became more aggressive towards each other via redirecting their aggression towards the tourists that they couldn’t reach.
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19
Q

Describe the Case Study titled: Ecotourism or Ecoterrorism?

- end result?

A
  • cats left the area and this may have caused their breeding season to be shorter or not occur.
20
Q

History of Tourism:
- Human-Centred worldview?
L> also called?

A
  • humans are the most important species

L> aka anthropocentric

21
Q

History of Tourism:

- Humans view wildlife as ?

A

a resource

22
Q

History of Tourism:

- Wildlife is a term that has been around for how long?

A

less than a century

23
Q

History of Tourism:

- In Recent times?(4)

A
  1. ecocentric or life centred view
  2. Biodiversity essential elements of life
  3. intrinsic value of wildlife
  4. helps explain increase in wildlife tourism
24
Q

Global Market:

___ million trips each year, _% world tourism market = ___ a year.

A
  • 12, 7, $$ billion
25
Q

Global Market:

Africa accounts for __% of all the trips yearly.

A

50%

26
Q

Global Market:

-Many countries rely almost exclusively on what??

A
  • wildlife tourists…ex: Galapagos, kenya
27
Q

Global Market:
Potential for growth is considerable
L> -% per year over the next decade
L> __+ age group are the ones that participate mostly. (avg age=??)

A
  • 8 to 10%
  • 55+
  • 43
28
Q

What are the four main source markets for ecotourism?

A
  1. United States
  2. Europe ( UK, Germany, Netherlands) <- main
  3. Canada
  4. Australia
29
Q

What are the five main competing destinations?

A
  1. Africa = market leader
  2. Antarctica
  3. Bolivia ( giant river otter, jaguar)
  4. Finland
  5. North America (marine life)
30
Q

Some History:

- Wildlife refers to?

A
  • non-domesticated vertebrates

L> but not exclusively..it includes anything in nature people go to see

31
Q

Some History:

- What are the two world views??

A
  1. Anthropocentric worldview (Humans)
    L> humans are the most important species
  2. Life-centred Worldview ( Ecocentric)
    L> Intrinsic value to all forms of life
32
Q

Some History:

- Various approaches and attitudes that people have in relation to wildlife tourism vary via what five things?

A
  1. Education
  2. Interests
  3. Experience
  4. Cultural Differences
  5. Species (furry, rare, dangerous etc)
    L> butterflies and other insects, fish, birds, reptiles and mammals.
33
Q

Some History:

-What are some things that impact people’s approach to wildlife??

A
  1. people’s views
  2. Influence of TV shapes views of Western world
    L> which may represent first encounter or only one
    L> captive and semi-captive environments also
    **** captive is not included in ecotourism
34
Q

Some History:

- What are the two types of viewing?

A
  1. Non-consumptive viewing

2. Consumptive viewing

35
Q

Some History:

1. Non-consumptive viewing?

A
  • focuses on experience

- photography, feeding, observing

36
Q

Some History:
2. Consumptive viewing??
L>ex??

A
  • focuses on tangible products
    ex:
  • hunting (big in Africa)
    L> believe they should be allowed to hunt as long as they do not damage wildlife resources
    L> tourists pay to kill wildlife
  • sport fishing
  • big game hunting aka trophy hunting
37
Q

Some History:
- Some environmental groups support consumptive uses …others oppose it.
L> give an argument for opposition and for it.

A
  1. Hunting is a way of preserving biological diversity and prevent depletion of other animal species
  2. opponents say it reduces genetic quality and natural predators tend to improve population.
38
Q

Some History:

- An underlying principle of wildlife tourism is that it should?

A
  • be fostering conservation of species

L> therefore hunting as a tourism activity seems to be inconsistent, unjustified and unnecessary.

39
Q

Some History:

-Both consumptive and non-consumptive tourism form a ?

A
  • continuum

- Non-consumptive forms may include consumption

40
Q

Some History:

- In terms of deterioration of the environment what are some points for pro hunting?

A
  1. erosion
  2. trampling
  3. structures
  4. fossil fuels
    * ** pro hunting bc they do not cause this
41
Q

Wildlife viewing in the wild:

- majority of people participate in this type of ecotourism for?

A
  • interest in mammals and dangerous animals such as predators or aggressive herbivores (cape buffalo)
    L> ex: alligators, crocodiles, tropical fish, sharks…
42
Q

Wildlife viewing in the wild:

- Switching from viewing animals in captivity to viewing them in the wild is going from one end of?

A

the spectrum

43
Q

Wildlife viewing in the wild:

- Are zoos and aquariums considered wildlife ecotourism?

A
  • no
    L> not natural environment…
    ex: pro zoo = conservation and education
44
Q

Sustainable tourism?

A
  • tourism that meets the needs of present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future.
45
Q

What are the seven requirements for something to be considered sustainable tourism?

A
  1. minimizes environmental impacts using benchmarks
  2. improves contribution to local sustainable development
  3. requires lowest possible consumption of non-renewable resources
  4. sustains the well being of local people
  5. stresses local ownerships
  6. supports efforts to conserve the environment
  7. contributes to biodiversity
46
Q

Wildlife tourism embraces all three types of natural area tourism. What are they?

A
  1. partly adventure
  2. generally nature based
  3. involves ecotourism’s key principles
    L> sustainable
    L> education
    L>conservation: bottom line

Biology 3015: Wildlife Ecotourism (10 decks)

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