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Biology 3015: Wildlife Ecotourism > Stakeholder Engagement > Flashcards

Stakeholder Engagement Flashcards

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1
Q

Appropriate ecoethics for resident and tourist participation in the planning process include the need for?

A
  • developers to take account of local community attitudes and feelings
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2
Q

Number of Stakeholders:

  • Each has ?
  • Success is dependent on?
  • definition of what a stakeholder is?
A
  • contribution to be made
  • success is dependent upon contribution of others
  • any person, group or organization that is AFFECTED by the causes or consequences of an issue.
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3
Q

Assembling stakeholders can be?

A
  • difficult trying to get everyone on board and it is time consuming
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4
Q

Benefits of stakeholders coming together?

A

sustainability:
- environmental
- social
- cultural
- economic
- political

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5
Q

Central task of figuring out whether certain people are stakeholders ?(4)

A
  • establish who the stakeholders are
  • whether or not they represent stakeholders
  • determine power to influence
  • limit number of stakeholders
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6
Q

Local community:

- are they a homogeneous unit?

A
  • No not just a homogeneous unit..you have a mixed group of individuals on a continuum. Not one type over the other
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7
Q

Local community:

- Set for a wider community?

A
  • users of a resource rather than resident unit
  • many forms of involvement
    -passive or active?
    L> some people want to be heard at meetings while others just want to be informed. BE CAREFUL of those that try to take the reins bc their way is correct and everyone else is shit
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8
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- Long term success depends on creating what?

A
  • local incentives
    L> conserve and protect environment
    L> integrated community conservation
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9
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- It is important to identify just who?

A
  • the stakeholders are
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10
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- How should confronting the public be?

A
  • the process should be efficient and fair!
  • do not hand pick who comes to the meetings be open and honest….
  • *Who should be involved
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11
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- Community involvement in wildlife tourism has increased/decreased in recent years.

A

increased in recent years

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12
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

-Why has community involvement in wildlife tourism increased in recent years?

A
  • due to perceived local economic, social and conservation benefits
  • offers locals income, jobs and skill development
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13
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- Wildlife tourism viewed as way in which wildlife can ?

A

be conserved and managed

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14
Q

Wildlife Tourism’s Stakeholders:

- Tourism industry recognizes the importance of local people for??

A
  • local people for natural and cultural heritage
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15
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- Partnership between who?

A
  • local people, the private sector and government
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16
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- Who is an important element in sustainability ?

A
  • host community
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17
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- Wildlife tourism will only be sustainable where there are what?

A
  • benefits for the host community
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18
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- The importance of ______ is essential for engaging with the community.

A
  • communication

* *

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19
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:
- The importance of communication is essential for engaging with the community. The key is providing _____ for a multi level exchange of?

A
  • opportunities
  • ideas and development of shared solutions
    ** Adaptive management
    L> need to be fluid… try something ..proceed…stop if its not working…alter it…check and go! Do not be structurally locked
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20
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:
- The importance of communications:
L> Interpretation??
(hint: think of the affect good communication may have…areas it will affect in tourism model)

A
  • promotion
  • visitor enjoyment
  • management
  • education for conservation
    • Australia: managed by a local group
21
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

  • Omaur Blue Penguin Colony:
  • Managed by??
  • Weekly what??
  • Count what?
A
  • a community based group
  • monitoring program
  • penguins each evening for an hour
22
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:
- Examples:
- North West Cape region of Western Australia ??
L> give some points about tourism there

A
  • unique marine and terrestrial wildlife
  • tourism fastest growing industry
  • concern for conservation
  • planning approach balanced:
    L> profitable development
    L> tourism values
    L> community lifestyles
    L> environmental protection
23
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- Three phases of practical application?

A 
1. Analysis: 
L> site visits, local consultation 
2. Formulation:
L> evaluation of options 
3. Reporting: 
L> ere view with local decision makers
24
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:
- Examples:
L> Banff-Bow Valley, Canada
- ___ study on future due to increased tourism. What three groups were involved?

A
  • 2 year
    1. cultural, community
    2. economic
    3. environmental
25
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:
- Examples:
L> Banff-Bow Valley, Canada
- What was there resulting tourism developmental model from the two year study on future due to increased tourism and the involvement of the three groups?
(8)

A

Tourism developmental model:

  • > The touchstone tourism destination model:
  • The model has the foundation that:
    1. Values and diverse interests of Canadians
    2. And a firm commitment to shared and open decision making.
    3. It’s goal about all is to facilitate and enhance learning - understanding - appreciation of nature and the rocky mountain culture
    4. While providing visitors with high quality, authentic experiences, a hospitable ambulance- fair value
    5. In doing so, it will maintain ecological integrity- fair and quotable access
    6. Whole contributing to regional economic vitality- national pride and unity
    7. As it respects rights of tourism operators - All Canadians community residents
    8. While in return making a fair contribution to the park’s well being
26
Q

Stakeholder Engagement in Wildlife Tourism:

- Benefits of a good tourism developmental model?(title as well?)

A
  • better decisions
  • increased accountability
  • stakeholder acceptance
  • local empowerment/visitor preferences
27
Q

Indigenous People:

- Traditional knowledge and wisdom can help develop what??

A
  • develop more sustainable relationships
28
Q

Indigenous People:

- Often they are key what?

A
  • stakeholders in planing
29
Q

Indigenous People:

- Many examples such as?

A
  1. Australia: National Parks and Anangu people
  2. Baboon sanctuary
  3. South Luangwa National Park
  4. Karup National Park - Cameroon
30
Q

Indigenous People:

- Describe what their view if the land is in Australia by the Anangu people.

A
  • This land was created by our creation ancestors. In their travels they left marks in the land and made laws for us to keep and live by. Generations of Anangu have actively managed this ancient land using traditional practices and knowledge passed down through Tjukurpa: the foundation of all Anangu knowledge. This land continues to hold powerful religious and cultural connections today.
    • They bring a rich cultural exp to tourists
31
Q

Indigenous People:

  • South Luangwa National Park :
  • Zambia’s most important park, communities are organized into village area groups. Huh?
A
  • more involved
  • tourists did not visit villages
  • indigenous people want to sell crafts.
32
Q

Indigenous People:

- Korup National Park, Cameroon?

A
  • it is a very special park
  • international NGO’s along with Korup Forest project
  • meetings held with local community
  • buffer zones established ( areas where there is no development)
  • ** oldest and riches undisturbed rain forest!
33
Q

The Challenges:

- Key is to help the community move from ___ to ___.

A
  • passive to active
34
Q

The Challenges:

- Tourism can help _____ but may ____ landscapes and habitats, and cultural on the other hand.

A
  • perserve
  • transform ( not always for the best….)
  • *range of benefits from tourism….must be demonstrated to the people BUT some kind of transformation will occur.
35
Q

The Challenges:

- What exactly are they? (list)(9)

A
  1. economic leakage ( you do not want the money leaving the local area to fund other companies etc not in the area)
  2. Menial jobs (locals are left with these)
  3. Compromise of other activities
  4. Drain on existing resources
  5. Cultural intrusion: westernization typically
  6. Disruption
  7. Abuse (different levels…ec abuse of resources)
  8. Dislocation
  9. Corruption
36
Q

Enhancing community involvement in wildlife tourism? (how to basically)

A
  1. Increase financial benefit for residents
  2. ensure equality of cash distribution
  3. Maintain access to resources ( don’t take away things like access to clean drinking water etc)
  4. complement livelihoods
  5. encourage active participation
  6. cooperate with private sector
  7. minimize environmental damage
  8. limit cultural intrusion ( it takes work to keep their culture going…)
  9. create local conservation incentives
  10. have supportive government policies
  11. capitalize on ecotourism
  12. ensure profitability
37
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:

- Links cornerstones of ??

A

ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism

38
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:
- Links cornerstones of ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism:
L> Conserves rapidly___??

A
  • dwindling wilderness areas
39
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:
- Links cornerstones of ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism:
L> provides ___ for wildlife

A

sanctuary

40
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:
- Links cornerstones of ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism:
L> Only way to survive is an ecosystem approach based on?

A

sustainable development

**strong local support

41
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:
- Links cornerstones of ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism:
L> Has existed since?

A
  • 1979

L> managed as a single ecological unit ( 70,000 ha)

42
Q

Sabi Sabi Private Game reserve, South Africa:
- Links cornerstones of ecotourism, community, conservation and tourism:
L> Pros of this reserve??

A
  • teach the teachers about wildlife, local cultural etc
  • reach and teach travel and tourism program
  • advanced training for guides…drivers etc
  • tourists buy local crafts
  • sets the STANDARD as a leader in the field of ecotourism in South Africa
    • one lodge….can cost up to 8000 dollars for a four night stay……very luxurious …… to build this over there = dirt cheap..money goes back into the community with no leakages though!
43
Q

The Challenges:

- Traditionally, benefits have been received at what levels?

A
  • at the international level but costs borne at the local level
44
Q

The Challenges:
- Traditionally, benefits have been received at the international level but costs borne at the local level.
L> Emerging approach is the concept of what?

A

-adaptive management
l> shown to be useful tool in community based tourism program!
**getting the community involved with it

45
Q

The Challenges:

  • Traditionally, benefits have been received at the international level but costs borne at the local level.
  • Describe the cycle for adaptive management!
A
  1. Plan:
    - Determine management objectives
    - define key desired outcomes
    - identify performance indicators
    - develop management strategies and actions
  2. Do
    - establish monitoring program for selected performance indicators
    - implement strategies and actions to achieve objectifies
  3. Evaluate and Learn:
    - evaluate management effectiveness
    - report findings and recommendations of evaluation
    - periodically review overall management program
  4. Adjust (connects evaluate and learn —-> Do)
    - adjust management actions and arrangements to enhance effectiveness
46
Q

The Challenges:

  • Traditionally, benefits have been received at the international level but costs borne at the local level.
  • Describe the Adaptive Management Framework!
A

Develop Action Plan(goes up to evaluate acceptability of consequences)
L> Societal values and needs
- Vision: Setting desired future state objectives and goals spawned by vision
- investigate action options to achieve goals
- predict consequences of various actions
- evaluate acceptability of consequences
- select most appropriate option
- plan and implement management actions
L> Check implementation took place as planned? ( was the action implemented correctly..if yes go back to above,,)—> Monitor: ecosystem and social results of action
L> Did the predicted consequences materialize? –> did these indeed turn out acceptable in practice?—>eval acceptability of consequences…. OR If not, adult options–> Predict consequences of various actions.
- Monitor: ecosystem and social results of action——> Is the monitoring program driven prudently (economically) by the objectives?—> Is it cost effective and feasible? —> If not, Adjust management options and objectives —> Investigate Action options to achieve goals + More detailed objectives and goals spawned by vision.
*** Is it cost effective and feasible? —-> If yes, keep monitoring while sensible to do so —> Are ecosystem and societal changes serving original objectives and vision? OR :
—> BE prepared for unexpected (e.g.: use scenario-planning)—> Is mobilization plan ready in case of surprise —->Vision: Setting Desired Future state.

47
Q

Economic and Social Costs/Benefits:

- Any wildlife tourism venture should only be considered successful if?

A
  • local communities have some measure of control over them
48
Q

Economic and Social Costs/Benefits:

- Mai aim of stakeholder participation is to maximize?

A
  • economic, social and ecological benefits
    L> direct (guides, tour drivers etc) and indirect employment (local people selling crafts etc)
    L> induced employment
49
Q

Conclusion for Stakeholders?

A
  • its a difficult task
  • time and effort
  • participatory planning
  • conflict resolution
  • inclusion of all relevant individuals and groups
  • involved in future management
  • shift focus away from personal or individual goals and focus on areas of common interest

Biology 3015: Wildlife Ecotourism (10 decks)

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