Ecological Impacts Part 2

Question 1

Direct Killing and Injuring:
- There are ____ and other ____ issues regarding the morality of killing animals. What are the points that follow with this statement?(5)

Answer 1

• ethical
• philosophical
  1. Animals often not killed immediately
  2. What if they have young?
  3. Do fish feel pain?

Question 2

Direct Killing and Injuring:

- Does it effect the enjoyment of other wildlife tourists? How? (3)

Answer 2

• Yes
  1. Changes the population structure
  2. Taking big trophy animals
  3. Non-target species killed

Question 3

Direct Killing and Injuring:

- What are some OTHER issues given in lecture?

Answer 3

• uncontrolled shell collecting: effects are unknown…we are all probably guilty!
• trampling by tourists : corals, plover chicks (lay in the sand)
• Killing for safety reasons (snakes)
• Insecticide use ( spraying for tourists)

Question 4

Habitat Alteration:

-What causes vegetation changes?

Answer 4

1. clearing
2. modification (different trees and shrubs): As a result, can reduce prey for many animals such as birds, frogs and small mammals. ***plants placed there for decoration etc i.e. not normally in that habitat
3. Soil compactions and taking of firewood.
   - off road vehicle damage (trail bikes and four wheelers)
   - human feet also
   - horse back riding
   - clearing for road construction
   * *first road opened up can cause a ripple effect for my to be built.

Question 5

Habitat Alteration:

- What are some other key points?

Answer 5

• feeding by tourists
• stealing of food by animals
• manipulation of habitat to provide food to tourists
• garbage (generated by tourists)
  L> ex: garbage dump that bears go in and scavenge !

Question 6

Habitat Alteration:

- What are the issues with feeding? (6)

Answer 6

1. feeding of inappropriate food (loss of nutrients that they would normally get in their natural diet)
2. Habituation
3. Health issues
4. Attraction of dangerous animals (dangerous predators that are curious)
5. Unbalance ecosystems
   L> cumulation of a certain species etc displacing other species
6. Accidents to animals (such as dolphins and boats)

Question 7

Habitat Alteration:
- Why do people feed wildlife?(2)
L> what question does this pose onto tourists?

Answer 7

1. Desire of the tourists to have contact with or close up viewing of the animal (photographers are the WORST for this)
2. For predictable viewing of wildlife
   - non-consumptive use of wildlife requires a predictable occurrence within a small spatial area.
   - Would most tourists rather see wild animals behaving naturally or half domesticated animals gathering for a handout?

Question 8

Habitat Alteration:
- Feeding:
L> We need to ask what? (5)

Answer 8

1. What are the major concerns for those who oppose?
2. Are there situations in which feeding is beneficial?
3. What information exists to establish concerns are valid?
4. Would it ever be possible to educate the majority of people to refrain from feeding?
5. Can the majority be educated that in some situations it is okay, in others it is not?

Question 9

Habitat Alteration:
- Feeding:
L> What are the consequences if we stop?

Answer 9

- not stocking up on food for later use
L> for hibernation etc 
-  forget how to hunt 
- forget to migrate 
- forget to mate 
- change hours of foraging?
L> think stingray city

Question 10

Habitat Alteration:
- Feeding:
L> Give a summary for the argument people provide for pro feeding wildlife! (8)

Answer 10

1. may help in lean times
2. lessen mortality
3. teaches positive attitude —domestication
4. easier to educate people
5. deep seated need
6. photographic opportunities
7. animals are unpredictable (habituation causes them to become more predictable)
8. Missed opportunities (ensures you will see them)

Question 11

Habitat Alteration:
- Feeding:
L> Give a summary for the argument people provide for being against feeding wildlife! (7)

Answer 11

1. Population may decrease
2. population may increase : may increase a different species
3. population may do either! : may keep the population even which = death
4. habituate
5. undesirable behaviour
6. undesirable behaviour towards tourists
7. no longer ‘wild’