Video 9 Mechanisms of breathing p1

Question 1

Inspiration is ________ and expiration is _________ except during exercise when expiration becomes

Answer 1

active
passive
active

Question 2

Most important muscle for inspiration? what is the secondary muscle group?

Answer 2

diaphragm
external intercostal muscles

Question 3

When the diaphragm contracts the ribs ______

Answer 3

move out

Question 4

Phrenic nerves originate

Answer 4

C 3,4,5

Question 5

During normal breathing the diaphragm moves down ______ cm but can move as much as ________ cm

Answer 5

1
10

Question 6

When the external intercostal muscles contact, the ribs _______, increasing the diameter

Answer 6

raise up

Question 7

Most important muscles for expiration? Secondary muscle group?

Answer 7

abdominal muscles
internal intercostal muscles

Question 8

Is the pressure-volume curve of the lung linear or non-linear

Answer 8

non-linear

Question 9

When we inspire, pressure around the lung _______ and when we expire it ________

Answer 9

decreases
increases

Question 10

Is there a change in the pressure-volume curve of the lung depending on if the lung inflates with negative vs positive pressure

Answer 10

no

Question 11

formula to calculate compliance

Answer 11

change in volume/change in pressure

Question 12

How is compliance affected with emphysema?

Answer 12

increased compliance (There is not as much change in pressure)

Question 13

Proteins responsible for the pressure volume behavior in the lung

Answer 13

collagen, elastin

Question 14

surface tension

Answer 14

total force across an imaginary line across 1cm of surface

Question 15

what is surfactant

Answer 15

material that reduces surface tension of the alveolar layer

Question 16

Phospholipid produced by the lung and reduces surface tension

Answer 16

DPPC
dipomitol phosphotidyl choline

Question 17

3 functions of surfactant

Answer 17

1. increases compliance of the lung (lung is less stiff)
2. increases stability of the lung
3. reduces tendency of alveolar edema (reduces pressure around alveolar capillaries)

Question 18

Why is the interpleural pressure not the same throughout the lung?

Answer 18

Gravitational pressure

Question 19

Alveoli are larger at the _______ than at the _______

Answer 19

apex
base

Question 20

FRC

Answer 20

Functional residual capacity; resting volume of the lung