Video 1 Structure and function Flashcards
Functions of lungs?
which is most important
gas exchange*
Filters blood
metabolic functions
reservoir for blood
What happens at the blood gas barrier? Where is it located?
Diffusive gas exchange
alveolar walls
What is the depicting?
Alveoli with red blood cells lining the walls
What is this picture depicting?
What is the dark area?
lighter area?
Alveolar capillary
red blood cell
plasma
The wall of the alveolar capillary is known as the?
What is on either side?
blood gas barrier
gas and blood
T/F: One side of the capillary is thinner than the other?
True; one side is polarized
The outermost layer of the blood gas barrier is called _______and the innermost layer is called the ______
alveolar epithelium
capillary endothelium
What is the arrow pointing to?
The nucleus of the type 1 alveolar epithelial cell
What is the arrow pointing to?
The nucleus of the capillary endothelial cell
What is between the alveolar epithelium and the
capillary endothelium
interstitium/ extracellular matrix
what is the interstitium composed of?
the fusion of the basement membranes of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium
what is the most important constituent in the interstitium? why is it important?
type 4 collagen in the basement membrane; it is responsible for the strength of the blood gas barrier
What is the arrow pointing to
collagen fibrils
Approximate area of the blood gas barrier in the lungs?
Approximately how many alveoli?
50-100 m^2
500 million
The trachea is constructed of
cartilaginous rings
Describe the posterior trachea
membranous
what is the reason for the difference in color of the vessels?
blue is deoxygenated blood (pulmonary artery) and red is oxygenated (pulmonary vein)
The region of the lung where there are alveoli
parenchyma
T/F: Alveoli are attached to airway walls
true
Goblet cells are responsible for dispensing
mucous
Clara cells are thought to serve what function?
Secrete a substance that contributes to the mucous lining layer
Compare the cells in the bronchus to the bronchioles
Columnar cells are in the bronchus (tall) and cuboidal are in the bronchiolus
What kind of cells make up the alveoli?
Are they cilliated?
squamous cells
no
Is this a type I or type II alveolar epithelial cell?
What is the white ring around the cell?
type II
microvilli
Type I alveolar epithelial cells are responsible mainly for
structure of alveoli
What is the role of surfactant? Where does the precursor of surfactant secrete from?
reduces surface tension and confers stability
type II alveolar cells
What is the role of the alveolar macrophage?
Moves around the surface of the alveoli to phagocytose particles, engulf foreign particles, and keeps the alveolar surface clean
which cell has a higher metabolic rate? type 1 or type 2 alveolar cells?
type 2 because theyre producing surfactant
What is the arrow pointing to? How can you tell?
Surfactant remnant
onion like outer layers
According to the Weiber Model of airways all the airways divide ______
dichotomously
What is the unit of gas exchange?
asanous
The conducting zone does or does not take part in gas exchange? why not? aka?
Does not; there are no alveoli
anatomic dead speace
Alveolar duct walls are lined with
alveoli
Volume of the anatomic dead space?
150 ml
Volume of the respiratory zone
3 L
Compare the pulmonary artery to a systemic artery
It has thinner walls with less smooth muscle since there are lower pressures there
The ________ circulation takes the whole of the cardiac output
pulmonary
How much blood flows through the lungs?
5 L/min
Bronchial arteries come off the ______ or ______
aorta
intercostal arteries
