Video 1 Structure and function

Question 1

Functions of lungs?
which is most important

Answer 1

gas exchange*
Filters blood
metabolic functions
reservoir for blood

Question 2

What happens at the blood gas barrier? Where is it located?

Answer 2

Diffusive gas exchange
alveolar walls

Question 3

What is the depicting?

Answer 3

Alveoli with red blood cells lining the walls

Question 4

What is this picture depicting?
What is the dark area?
lighter area?

Answer 4

Alveolar capillary
red blood cell
plasma

Question 5

The wall of the alveolar capillary is known as the?
What is on either side?

Answer 5

blood gas barrier
gas and blood

Question 6

T/F: One side of the capillary is thinner than the other?

Answer 6

True; one side is polarized

Question 7

The outermost layer of the blood gas barrier is called _______and the innermost layer is called the ______

Answer 7

alveolar epithelium
capillary endothelium

Question 8

What is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 8

The nucleus of the type 1 alveolar epithelial cell

Question 9

What is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 9

The nucleus of the capillary endothelial cell

Question 10

What is between the alveolar epithelium and the
capillary endothelium

Answer 10

interstitium/ extracellular matrix

Question 11

what is the interstitium composed of?

Answer 11

the fusion of the basement membranes of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium

Question 12

what is the most important constituent in the interstitium? why is it important?

Answer 12

type 4 collagen in the basement membrane; it is responsible for the strength of the blood gas barrier

Question 13

What is the arrow pointing to

Answer 13

collagen fibrils

Question 14

Approximate area of the blood gas barrier in the lungs?
Approximately how many alveoli?

Answer 14

50-100 m^2
500 million

Question 15

The trachea is constructed of

Answer 15

cartilaginous rings

Question 16

Describe the posterior trachea

Answer 16

membranous

Question 17

what is the reason for the difference in color of the vessels?

Answer 17

blue is deoxygenated blood (pulmonary artery) and red is oxygenated (pulmonary vein)

Question 17

The region of the lung where there are alveoli

Answer 17

parenchyma

Question 17

T/F: Alveoli are attached to airway walls

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Goblet cells are responsible for dispensing

Answer 18

mucous

Question 19

Clara cells are thought to serve what function?

Answer 19

Secrete a substance that contributes to the mucous lining layer

Question 20

Compare the cells in the bronchus to the bronchioles

Answer 20

Columnar cells are in the bronchus (tall) and cuboidal are in the bronchiolus

Question 21

What kind of cells make up the alveoli?
Are they cilliated?

Answer 21

squamous cells
no

Question 22

Is this a type I or type II alveolar epithelial cell?
What is the white ring around the cell?

Answer 22

type II
microvilli

Question 23

Type I alveolar epithelial cells are responsible mainly for

Answer 23

structure of alveoli

Question 24

What is the role of surfactant? Where does the precursor of surfactant secrete from?

Answer 24

reduces surface tension and confers stability type II alveolar cells

Question 25

What is the role of the alveolar macrophage?

Answer 25

Moves around the surface of the alveoli to phagocytose particles, engulf foreign particles, and keeps the alveolar surface clean

Question 26

which cell has a higher metabolic rate? type 1 or type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 26

type 2 because theyre producing surfactant

Question 27

What is the arrow pointing to? How can you tell?

Answer 27

Surfactant remnant onion like outer layers

Question 28

According to the Weiber Model of airways all the airways divide ______

Answer 28

dichotomously

Question 29

What is the unit of gas exchange?

Answer 29

asanous

Question 29

The conducting zone does or does not take part in gas exchange? why not? aka?

Answer 29

Does not; there are no alveoli anatomic dead speace

Question 29

Alveolar duct walls are lined with

Answer 29

alveoli

Question 30

Volume of the anatomic dead space?

Answer 30

150 ml

Question 31

Volume of the respiratory zone

Answer 31

3 L

Question 32

Compare the pulmonary artery to a systemic artery

Answer 32

It has thinner walls with less smooth muscle since there are lower pressures there

Question 33

The ________ circulation takes the whole of the cardiac output

Answer 33

pulmonary

Question 34

How much blood flows through the lungs?

Answer 34

5 L/min

Question 35

Bronchial arteries come off the ______ or ______

Answer 35

aorta intercostal arteries