Video 4 Acid Base balance Flashcards
Why is CO2 so important for acid base balance?
The body outputs 240 ml/min of CO2
What is an acid? base? buffer?
- A molecule that releases hydrogen ions in solution
- A molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion
- A substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions
What are the buffer systems? (3) which is most important?
- Bicarb *
- Protein system
- Phosphate system
What is pk on a titration curve for the bicarb buffer system?
The maximum buffering region where adding acid or alkaline causes the smallest change in ph
What is a normal pk?
6.1
What is the normal bicarb concentration in the blood?
24 mEq/L
Henderson Hasselbach equation
What does the buffer line of carbonic acid show?
what happens when a sample of blood is exposed to increasing or decreasing PO2 levels
How would the buffering line be effected by more hemoglobin?
a steeper slope due to increasing buffering effect
With respiratory acidosis, CO2 ________, bicarb ________ ph _______
increases
increases
decreases
How does the body respond to respiratory acidosis
they kidney retain bicarb, causing an increase in pH
What is the distance between the upper red dot and the Normal dot?
The base success, (the amount of plasma bicarb added)
2 main causes of respiratory acidosis
alveolar hypoventilation
ventilation perfusion inequality
Primary cause of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
With respiratory acidosis, CO2 ________, bicarb ________ ph _______
decreases
decreases
increases
metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are caused by?
primary changes in the levels of bicarb
respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are caused by?
primary changes in the levels of CO2
What disease processes can cause metabolic acidosis?
dka
increased lactate due to hypoxemia
With metabolic acidosis, bicarb ______, ph _______, and CO2 ______
decreases
decreases
increases
Why does ventilation increase with acidity
increased H ions in the blood stimulate peripheral chemo receptors
With metabolic alkalosis bicarb ______, ph _______, and CO2 ______
increases
increasers
decreases
What disease process can cause metabolic alkalosis?
loss of gastric acids
T/F: A respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis is not typically seen
true
What is the main difference between diffusion of alveolar gas to the pulmonary capillary blood and diffusion from systemic capillary blood to the tissues
the distances;
3-4 microns of distance to 50 microns
What happens to the tissue PO2 as it diffuses from the capillary to the tissue toward the mitochondria?
it decreases because the oxygen is being consumed
Describe what is happening in B and C?
in B, there is only just enough oxygen for the tissue and in C, there is not enough oxygen for the tissue
What is a critical PO2 for mitochondrial respiration?
2.0 mmHg
Why is there such a difference between PO2 in the capillary vs the tissue?
to maintain the necessary PO2 gradient from the blood to the mitochondria so the oxygen can get there
4 classifications of tissue hypoxia
- Hypoxic hypoxia
- anemic hypoxia
- circulatory hypoxia
- histotoxic hypoxia
