Video 9 Corded Ware & Bell Beaker Culture Flashcards
When was the Corded Ware Culture?
2800-2500 BCE
What is the Corded Ware Culture known from?
Burials
Why does the Corded Ware culture indicate that the Yamnaya people settled in Europe?
Ancient DNA of skeletons associated with Corded Ware Culture identical to people from steppe
Who are the successors of the Corded Ware Culture?
The Bell Beaker Culture
Who are the predecessors of the Corded Ware Culture?
The Yamnaya culture
What does a Corded Ware grave look like?
- Grave of 1 individual (mostly male)
- Deceased on side in crouched position
- Ceramic beaker
- Stone battle axe
- Flint axe
- Flint dagger
Beneath what was the deceased in the Corded Ware culture often buried?
Beneath around burial mount which were often positioned along long lines, which could extend over kms
What evidence is there for the Corded Ware graves representing a migration?
- Fond across huge area
- DNA evidence: same DNA, different from Neolithic people
Where did the Corded Ware Culture come from?
Russian steppe
What has led archaeologists to think that Corded Ware burials are members of some kind of elite?
Individual graves, mostly of males
What culture is the Corded Ware Culture followed by?
The Bell Beaker Culture
When was the Bell Beaker Culture?
2500-2000 BCE
What is the Bell Beaker Culture known from?
Mainly from burials, some farming settlements
What are Bell Beaker graves like? (5)
- 1 individual
- Very similar over Europe
- Decorated Bell-shaped Beaker
- Emphasis on archery: flint arrowheads, stone wristguards
- Sometimes cushion stones (smith)
Where are Bell Beaker graves mostly found?
More in the west than east of Europe, also in Britain
Amesbury archer grave
- Positioned on side in crouched position
- Decorated Bell-shaped Beaker
- Copper dagger
- Gold ornaments
- Archery emphasis
From what culture was the first metal in history in large parts of Europe?
Bell Beaker Culture
Cushion stones
Implements one uses to hammer and work copper or gold
Who are the first identifiable metalworkers in west Europe
Bell Beaker remains with cushion stones
Bell Beaker graves outside characteristics (2)
- Often covered by Barrow
- Often placed close to older Corded Ware burial mounds when present
What possible idea of ancestry is present in Bell Beaker graves?
Often placed close to older Corded Ware burial mounds when present
Examples of regions where Bell Beaker graves occur where there were no Corded Ware predecessors
Britain, Ireland
What DNA signature do people with Bell Beakers very often have?
Mix between that of original European inhabitants from Neolithic + Corded Ware and Yamnaya
What is remarkable about the DNA from Bell Beaker skeletons in England?
Almost similar to “steppe DNA” and DNA of people in Dutch Bell Beaker graves -> no British Neolithic DNA
