Video 9 Corded Ware & Bell Beaker Culture

Question 1

When was the Corded Ware Culture?

Answer 1

2800-2500 BCE

Question 2

What is the Corded Ware Culture known from?

Answer 2

Burials

Question 3

Why does the Corded Ware culture indicate that the Yamnaya people settled in Europe?

Answer 3

Ancient DNA of skeletons associated with Corded Ware Culture identical to people from steppe

Question 4

Who are the successors of the Corded Ware Culture?

Answer 4

The Bell Beaker Culture

Question 5

Who are the predecessors of the Corded Ware Culture?

Answer 5

The Yamnaya culture

Question 6

What does a Corded Ware grave look like?

Answer 6

• Grave of 1 individual (mostly male)
• Deceased on side in crouched position
• Ceramic beaker
• Stone battle axe
• Flint axe
• Flint dagger

Question 7

Beneath what was the deceased in the Corded Ware culture often buried?

Answer 7

Beneath around burial mount which were often positioned along long lines, which could extend over kms

Question 8

What evidence is there for the Corded Ware graves representing a migration?

Answer 8

• Fond across huge area

- DNA evidence: same DNA, different from Neolithic people

Question 9

Where did the Corded Ware Culture come from?

Answer 9

Russian steppe

Question 10

What has led archaeologists to think that Corded Ware burials are members of some kind of elite?

Answer 10

Individual graves, mostly of males

Question 11

What culture is the Corded Ware Culture followed by?

Answer 11

The Bell Beaker Culture

Question 12

When was the Bell Beaker Culture?

Answer 12

2500-2000 BCE

Question 13

What is the Bell Beaker Culture known from?

Answer 13

Mainly from burials, some farming settlements

Question 14

What are Bell Beaker graves like? (5)

Answer 14

• 1 individual
• Very similar over Europe
• Decorated Bell-shaped Beaker
• Emphasis on archery: flint arrowheads, stone wristguards
• Sometimes cushion stones (smith)

Question 15

Where are Bell Beaker graves mostly found?

Answer 15

More in the west than east of Europe, also in Britain

Question 16

Amesbury archer grave

Answer 16

• Positioned on side in crouched position
• Decorated Bell-shaped Beaker
• Copper dagger
• Gold ornaments
• Archery emphasis

Question 17

From what culture was the first metal in history in large parts of Europe?

Answer 17

Bell Beaker Culture

Question 18

Cushion stones

Answer 18

Implements one uses to hammer and work copper or gold

Question 19

Who are the first identifiable metalworkers in west Europe

Answer 19

Bell Beaker remains with cushion stones

Question 20

Bell Beaker graves outside characteristics (2)

Answer 20

• Often covered by Barrow

- Often placed close to older Corded Ware burial mounds when present

Question 21

What possible idea of ancestry is present in Bell Beaker graves?

Answer 21

Often placed close to older Corded Ware burial mounds when present

Question 22

Examples of regions where Bell Beaker graves occur where there were no Corded Ware predecessors

Answer 22

Britain, Ireland

Question 23

What DNA signature do people with Bell Beakers very often have?

Answer 23

Mix between that of original European inhabitants from Neolithic + Corded Ware and Yamnaya

Question 24

What is remarkable about the DNA from Bell Beaker skeletons in England?

Answer 24

Almost similar to “steppe DNA” and DNA of people in Dutch Bell Beaker graves -> no British Neolithic DNA