Video 3 Phases of Neolithisation in Europe

Question 1

Neolithisation phase 1

Answer 1

First farmers in Europe (Greece)

Question 2

When was Neolithisation phase 1

Answer 2

c. 7000 BCE

Question 3

Neolithisation phase 2

Answer 3

First farmers in Central-Europe, the Bandkeramik Culture

Question 4

Neolithisation phase 3

Answer 4

Northern European hunters become farmers

Question 5

When was Neolithisation phase 2

Answer 5

c. 5500 BCE

Question 6

When was Neolithisation phase 3

Answer 6

c. 4100 BCE

Question 7

By when had almost all European societies gone over to the farming way of life?

Answer 7

2500 BCE

Question 8

By who was the full Neolithic package of the Near East probably introduced to Europe?

Answer 8

• Small groups of people migrating from Anatolian coasts to Greece
• Native hunters who included new domesticated into way of life

Question 9

What do female statues found in early European Neolithic settlements, comparable to those found in the Middle East, possibly imply?

Answer 9

That these people had a comparable religion to what was practiced in Anatolian communities at that time

Question 10

Examples of earliest Neolithic cultures Europe

Answer 10

Karanovo culture, Cris culture, Körös culture

Question 11

Characteristics earliest Neolithic cultures Europe

Answer 11

• Most live on tells in mud brick houses

- Many have female figurines

Question 12

When did the Neolithic way of life start spreading out of southeast Europe?

Answer 12

5800 BCE (and particularly 5500 BCE)

Question 13

Characteristics of the second phase of Neolithisation, the West wave

Answer 13

• Going west: fishing/gatherering communities Mediterranean adopt agriculture, domesticated animals
• So-called ‘Cardium culture’

Question 14

When was the second phase of Neolithisation, the West wave

Answer 14

5800-4700 BCE

Question 15

Fishing/gathering communities in Mediterranean gradually adopt agriculture and domesticated animals

Answer 15

West wave of the second phase of Neolithisation

Question 16

Characteristic pottery Mediterranean during west wave of second phase Neolithisation

Answer 16

Decorated using Cardium shells

Question 17

During what phase was the Cardium or Cardial culture

Answer 17

The West wave of the second phase of Neolithisation

Question 18

When was the North wave of the second phase of Neolithisation

Answer 18

6000-5500 BCE

Question 19

What culture emerges during the North wave of the second phase of Neolithisation

Answer 19

The Bandkeramik Culture or LBK

Question 20

Characteristics North wave of second phase of Neolithisation

Answer 20

• New Neolithic culture emerges in Hungarian Plain
• Bandkeramik Culture or LBK
• = Adaptation of ‘southern’ Neolithic package to temperate climate and conditions

Question 21

What were Bandkeramik settlements like?

Answer 21

No longer on tells but large longhouses, live in hamlets and even villages

Question 22

How did the Bandkeramik Culture spread

Answer 22

Within 200 years from Hungary to France and the Netherlands in the west, and Ukraine in the east

Question 23

What does the large amount of migration and expansion of the Bandkeramik Culture imply?

Answer 23

Unparalleled high population growth

Question 24

What culture brought farming to most parts of Europe?

Answer 24

The Bandkeramik Culture

Question 25

Where was the Ertebølle Culture?

Answer 25

Denmark

Question 26

How did indigenous hunters gradually include domesticated animals and agriculture into their way of life after Bandkeramik Culture?

Answer 26

Contacts and exchanges with farming community successors Bandkeramik Culture

Question 27

What development starts the third phase of Neolithisation in Europe

Answer 27

Indigenous hunters gradually include domesticated animals and agriculture into way of life through contacts and exchanges with farming communities

Question 28

When does the third wave of Neolithisation start?

Answer 28

4100 BCE

Question 29

Why are settlements of hunter-fisher communities who had contacts with farming communities sometimes very well-preserved?

Answer 29

Wet environments that later became covered with sediments due to rising sea levels

Question 30

Swifterbant Culture characteristics (4)

Answer 30

• ‘Indigenous’ people
• Kept on hunting and gathering but now also included some agriculture and domesticated animals
• Made own pottery
• Broad-spectrum economy

Question 31

Where was the Swifterbant Culture?

Answer 31

Dutch and Belgian Delta

Question 32

Broad-spectrum economy

Answer 32

Combination of hunting and gathering and some agriculture and domesticated animals

Question 33

Where did the broad-spectrum economy flourish during the third phase of Neolithisation?

Answer 33

Delta environments such as Western Netherlands and parts of Denmark

Question 34

Around when did the, broad-spectrum, delta economy’s become fully-fledged farmers?

Answer 34

2500 BCE

Question 35

General summary: how did farming spread through Europe?

Answer 35

• Original Ice Age hunters adopted farming

- Migration from Near East very important