Lecture 1

Question 1

Mesolithic in Europe (aspects besides tool material)

Answer 1

Stone age after ice age, period of global warming

9600-5500 BC

Question 2

Neolithic in Europe (aspects besides tool material)

Answer 2

When stone age people became farmers

5500-2300 BC

Question 3

Bronze age in Europe (aspects besides tool material)

Answer 3

More hierarchical and connected, first signs globalization

2300-800 BC

Question 4

Iron age in Europe (aspects besides tool material)

Answer 4

Farmers, Celts, Germanic connection with Mediterranean

800-15 BC

Question 5

Roman Period in Europe

Answer 5

End of prehistory (15 BC in The Netherlands, because Romans had writing -> end prehistory).

Question 6

When did prehistory end in The Netherlands?

Answer 6

15 BC

Question 7

Why did the prehistory end in Europe?

Answer 7

The romans introduced writing

Question 8

What was the first important metal?

Answer 8

Copper

Question 9

When did farming start in Europe?

Answer 9

5500 BC

Question 10

General aspects of Neolithic in Europe (5)

Answer 10

• Agriculture
• Domesticated animals (cattle, sheep/goat, pig)
• Sedentary
• Pottery (not logical for hunters)
• Polished stone adzes or axes

Question 11

Where are hunter-gatherer settlements usually located?

Answer 11

Near rich fishing places

Question 12

When did mass graves first occur?

Answer 12

In the Neolithic

Question 13

Zoonosis

Answer 13

An infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human

Question 14

Where there agricultural societies in Europe in 7500?

Answer 14

No, only hunter-gatherers

Question 15

When were the first farmers in Europe?

Answer 15

7000 (7500)

Question 16

By who was farming in Europe probably first done?

Answer 16

By small groups of people who traveled to Greece

Question 17

Who were the first farmers in central Europe?

Answer 17

The Bandkeramic Culture

Question 18

When did the Bandkeramic Culture start?

Answer 18

5500

Question 19

What characterized the Bandkeramic Culture?

Answer 19

First farmers in Central Europe. Permanent, long-lasting settlements

Question 20

When was the West wave of the first phase of Neolithisation?

Answer 20

5800-4700 BC

Question 21

When was the North wave of the first phase of Neolithisation?

Answer 21

6000-5500 BC

Question 22

When did northern Europe incorporate farming?

Answer 22

4100 BC

Question 23

When where almost all societies in Europe farming?

Answer 23

2500 BC

Question 24

What culture colonized huge parts of Europe, bringing the farming way of life with them?

Answer 24

The Bandkeramic Culture

Question 25

When did the number of Bandkeramic settlements increase rapidly?

Answer 25

5500 BC

Question 26

What are the most fertile soils in Europe?

Answer 26

Loess soils

Question 27

What type of soils did the Bandkeramic Culture prefer?

Answer 27

Loess soils

Question 28

During what time did the Bandkeramic Culture colonize huge part of Europe?

Answer 28

5500-4900 BC

Question 29

What types of food did the Bandkermic Culture farm?

Answer 29

Wheat, barley, line seed, flax

Question 30

Around what time did the Bandkeramic Culture disappear from The Netherlands?

Answer 30

4900 BC

Question 31

The Bandkeramic Culture was very consistent, for how many years did hardly any changes occur?

Answer 31

400 years