Lecture 1 Flashcards
Mesolithic in Europe (aspects besides tool material)
Stone age after ice age, period of global warming
9600-5500 BC
Neolithic in Europe (aspects besides tool material)
When stone age people became farmers
5500-2300 BC
Bronze age in Europe (aspects besides tool material)
More hierarchical and connected, first signs globalization
2300-800 BC
Iron age in Europe (aspects besides tool material)
Farmers, Celts, Germanic connection with Mediterranean
800-15 BC
Roman Period in Europe
End of prehistory (15 BC in The Netherlands, because Romans had writing -> end prehistory).
When did prehistory end in The Netherlands?
15 BC
Why did the prehistory end in Europe?
The romans introduced writing
What was the first important metal?
Copper
When did farming start in Europe?
5500 BC
General aspects of Neolithic in Europe (5)
- Agriculture
- Domesticated animals (cattle, sheep/goat, pig)
- Sedentary
- Pottery (not logical for hunters)
- Polished stone adzes or axes
Where are hunter-gatherer settlements usually located?
Near rich fishing places
When did mass graves first occur?
In the Neolithic
Zoonosis
An infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human
Where there agricultural societies in Europe in 7500?
No, only hunter-gatherers
When were the first farmers in Europe?
7000 (7500)
By who was farming in Europe probably first done?
By small groups of people who traveled to Greece
Who were the first farmers in central Europe?
The Bandkeramic Culture
When did the Bandkeramic Culture start?
5500
What characterized the Bandkeramic Culture?
First farmers in Central Europe. Permanent, long-lasting settlements
When was the West wave of the first phase of Neolithisation?
5800-4700 BC
When was the North wave of the first phase of Neolithisation?
6000-5500 BC
When did northern Europe incorporate farming?
4100 BC
When where almost all societies in Europe farming?
2500 BC
What culture colonized huge parts of Europe, bringing the farming way of life with them?
The Bandkeramic Culture
When did the number of Bandkeramic settlements increase rapidly?
5500 BC
What are the most fertile soils in Europe?
Loess soils
What type of soils did the Bandkeramic Culture prefer?
Loess soils
During what time did the Bandkeramic Culture colonize huge part of Europe?
5500-4900 BC
What types of food did the Bandkermic Culture farm?
Wheat, barley, line seed, flax
Around what time did the Bandkeramic Culture disappear from The Netherlands?
4900 BC
The Bandkeramic Culture was very consistent, for how many years did hardly any changes occur?
400 years
