Victims

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the drama triangle?

Answer 1

Victim stance
Rescuer stance
Persecutor stance

Question 2

What are Nile Christie’s 6 ‘ideal victim’ traits?

Answer 2

Weak
Virtuous
Blameless
Unrelated to the offender
Offender is bad
Victim easily elicits victim status

Question 3

Who is at most risk of being a victim?

Answer 3

Men aged 16-24

Question 4

Which crimes are men more likely to be a victim of?

Answer 4

Violence

Question 5

Which crimes are women more likely to be a victim of?

Answer 5

Domestic abuse

Question 6

Who found the first womens refuge and in what year?

Answer 6

Erin Pizzey in 1974

Question 7

When did the first refuge open and where?

Answer 7

1971 in London. What during a time when nobody spoke about abuse as house life was considered private. Led to campaign to end domestic abuse since/

Question 8

What are the 4 types of victims?

Answer 8

1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary
4) Indirect

Question 9

Who is Von Hentig?

Answer 9

The first victimologist to address risk factors.
Personal attributes considered important
Psychological and sociological variables
Victimisation cannot be explained by one risk factor

Question 10

What are the changes of victims of social policy?

Answer 10

Justice for all (Home office, 2002)
Route to justice (Audit commission, 2002)
Narrowing the justice gap (Home office, 2002)

Question 11

What are the 6 categories of victim precipitation by Mendelsohn?

Answer 11

1) Completely innocent victim
2) Victim with minor guilt
3) Victim who is as guilty as the offender
4) Victim who is more guilty than the offender
5) Most guilty victim
6) The imaginary Victim

Question 12

Who proposed the routine activity theory?

Answer 12

Cohen and Felson (1979)

Question 13

What are the 3 component of RAT

Answer 13

Motivated offender
Suitable target
Absence of a capable guardian

Question 14

What did the ‘Joint thematic review of victim and witness experience in the CJS (2009) lead to?

Answer 14

1) Establishment of first ‘victims champion’
2) Police family liaison officers in all murder and manslaughter cases
3) Crown prosectuers required to meet witnesses at court to explain the process and write to them when the case is going to be dropped or charges altered

Question 15

what did the 2015 report from victim commissioner find?

Answer 15

Those who complained about their experiences were still receiving inadequate attention
Victims felt personal touch was absent

Question 16

What 6 factors did Dignan identify about a victim centered criminal?

Answer 16

1) Penal reformers e.g. Margery Fry
2) Role of mass media in raising the profile of victims
3) Role of women’s movement since 1960’s
4) Political and international violence
5) Victimisation surveys
6) Criminology (victimology)

Question 17

What is the code of practice for victims of crime (2006)?

Answer 17

All victims should be told about victim support but many officers cannot explain this
Many applications for special measures for vulnerable witnesses to give evidence are too late
Every area gets treated differently, should have access to the same system

Question 18

What does the CSEW hide about victimisation?

Answer 18

Repeat victimisation as it treats something as it happened- not how often it happened

Question 19

Who are the vulnerable?

Answer 19

Physically frail, psychologically vulnerable, homeless people, trapped victims and elderly

Question 20

How many homeless people have reported theft?

Answer 20

67%

Question 21

What are the 6 uses of crime stats?

Answer 21

1) Historical trends
2) Planning resources
3) Targeting resources
4) Understand cause and prevention
5) Calculating risk e.g. for insurance
6) Testing/illustrating theory

Question 22

Why is fear of crime a complicated issue?

Answer 22

Hard to measure fear as it is often used for a number of emotions e.g. worry and anger

Question 23

How can victim surveys be improved?

Answer 23

• Try reach for hidden crimes
• Try reach invisible victims
• Include repeat victims
• Technical improvements of how its sampled and administered