Prisons

Question 1

What are the 3 aims of prisons?

Answer 1

Retribution
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation

Question 2

What are the 2 meanings of crisis legitimacy and who proposed this?

Answer 2

Internal- Injustice felt by prisoners
External- Wider social, political and economic environment which questions existence of prisons
Matthews (2009)

Question 3

What were the prison staff cuts in 2010 and how much more violence did this lead to?

Answer 3

Cut from 45000 to 31000. Violence increased by 143% in 4 years

Question 4

In 2016/17, how many prisons had no/inadequate training for prison officers to know when to refer an individual for mental health support?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

What percentages of men and women said it was easy to get drugs inside of prison?

Answer 5

47% of men

31% of women

Question 6

What were the Strangeways Riots?

Answer 6

Happened in Manchester Prison in April 1990. Lasted 24 days. 147 staff and 47 prisoners were injured. There were 1647 prisoners there when the CNA was just 970

Question 7

What are the impacts of overcrowding in prisons?

Answer 7

Physical accommodation
Nature of regimes
Staff/prisoner relationships
Access to resources
Security and control

Question 8

What did the 2017 Inspectorate of prison report find?

Answer 8

Graffiti in a cell in HMP Exceter

Cardboard replacing glass at HMP Swinfen Hall

Question 9

What percentages of men and women said they felt unsafe during some point in custody?

Answer 9

48% of men

52% of women

Question 10

Why are women more vulnerable?

Answer 10

Often held further away from families
36X more likely to commit suicide after released from prison compared to the general population
46% of women prisoners have attempted suicide at some point in their lives
49% suffer with anxiety and depression. 25% of which have psychosis
Half have suffered domestic abuse
1 in 3 have been sexually abused

Question 11

What is the education/training/work like in prisons?

Answer 11

Often not enough places for all prisoners to take part in training.
Half of prisoners have 0 qualifications
Organisations work with prison systems to offer training
Overcrowding in prisons has led to a high demand. Those serving short sentences don’t gain access to these opportunities

Question 12

What did John Howard study and how long for?

Answer 12

Studied prisons for 17 years. Campaigned for more humane measures. Argued prisons should be healthy and disease free.

Question 13

How many prisons are there in England and Wales?

Answer 13

118

Question 14

How many female prisons are there in England and Wales, and how many of these have mum and baby units?

Answer 14

12 prisons, 6 have mum and baby units

Question 15

How many adults are reconvicted within 1 year of release?

Answer 15

49%

Question 16

What did the Ministry of Justice say about short sentences?

Answer 16

They are often ineffective, provide little opportunity to rehabilitate the offenders, leads to high rates of reoffending

Question 17

What are the 4 security categories?

Answer 17

Cat A- High security
Cat B- Local, trainer
Cat C- Local, trainer
Cat D- Open

Question 18

How much does it cost to feed a prisoner, per day?

Answer 18

£1.87 on average

Question 19

What are the demographics of prison population?

Answer 19

Under 21 = decreased since 2002
21-29 = decreased over the last 5 years
30-39 = consistent
50+ = rapid increase

Question 20

What are the 9 possible effects of a prison environment found by Liebling and Maruna (2011)

Answer 20

Fear
Anxiety
Loneliness
Trauma
Depression
Injustice
Powerlessness
Violence
Uncertainty

Question 21

How much greater is the suicide rate for men in prison?

Answer 21

5X greater

Question 22

What percentage of women make up the prison population?

Answer 22

Less than 5%

Question 23

What are the 5 effects of imprisonment by Gresham and Sykes?

Answer 23

1) Deprivation of liberty
2) Deprivation of Goods and services
3) Deprivation of sexual desire
4) Deprivation of autonomy
5) Deprivation of security