Victimology Flashcards
what are the two types of victimology and who created them
Sandra Walklate
Positivist and Critical Victimology
what are the three features Miers argues Positivist victimology has
-identifying patterns of victimisation
-interpersonal crimes of violence
-how victims contribute to their own victimisation
give a positivist victimology theorist and study
Amir argues 1/5 rapes were victim precipitated
give 3 criticisms of positivist victimology
-ignores wider structural factors eg poverty
-victim blaming response
-ignores unaware victims eg of scams or environmental crimes
what are the two main features of critical victimology
-victimisation as a form of structural powerlessness
-states power to apply/ deny victim label / socially constructed victim
which theorists support critical victimology
Tombs and Whyte
what do tombs and Whyte argue
-state denies title of victim purposefully to conceal true extent and cause of victimisation and protect elite
evaluate critical victimology (1)
-disregards victims choice and free will
give 5 factors that contribute to likelihood of victimisation
-age (young)
-class (w/c)
-gender (men)
-ethnicity (minorities)
-repeat victimisation
explain why w/c are more likely be victims
-more likely to live in areas of deprivation which causes turn to crime
-cannot afford safety measures
what crimes are men more predisposed to be victims of
-violent crimes from strangers
-eg 70% homicide victims are men
what crimes are women more predisposed to be victims of
-domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, harassment and rape
what did the British Crime Study find about repeat victimisation
-4% of the population are victims of 44% of crime
what is secondary victimisation
-victims are further victimised by the harsh treatment of the justice system
-eg rape victims
